Karabuk University

İslam Hukukunda Zimmilerin Hak ve Sorumlulukları

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dc.contributor.author ZEBARI, RIZGAR IDRESS ABDULLAH
dc.date.accessioned 2021-07-08T09:06:17Z
dc.date.available 2021-07-08T09:06:17Z
dc.date.issued 2021-05-17
dc.identifier.uri http://acikerisim.karabuk.edu.tr:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/1299
dc.description.abstract ÖZ Zimmilerin hak ve sorumlulukları konusu fıkıh biginleri için büyük önem taşımaktadır. Bu tezin amacı zimmilere ait hükümleri İslamî kaynaklar çerçevesinde ve uygulamalar ışığında açıklamaktır. İslam hükümlerinin uygulandığı yere dâru’l-İslâm/İslam ülkesi, İslam hükümlerinin uygulanmadığı yere ise dâru’l-harb/harb ülkesi denir. Gayri müslimler kendilerine uygulanacak hükümler itibariyle şöyle gruplandırılabilir: Muhârıb, mus’tad’af, ehl-i zimme, müste’men, muâhid. İslam ülkesinde Müslümanlardan başka müste’men, muâhid ve zimmiler yaşamaktadır. İslam hükümlerinin uygulandığı İslam ülkesinde yaşayan gayri müslim kişilerin hak ve sorumlulukları vardır. Ehl-i zimme/zimmî denince İslâm ülkesine yerleşip orada yaşayan Hristiyan, Yahudi gibi ehl-i kitap sahipleri kasdedilir. İslam ülkesinde bu kişilerin can, mal ve namus güvenliği sağlanmış ve bunlara ibadet ve inanç hürriyeti verilmiş, miras ve evlilik ile ilgili kanunlarını uygulama hakkı tanınmıştır. Mesela onların faizli muamele ve haram sayılan şeylerin ticaretini yapma hakları bulunmamaktadır. Yine ehl-i zimmeye kamu hizmetlerinden yararlanma, helal olan malların ticaretini yapma , haksızlığa uğradığında dava açma ve sosyal adalet çerçevesinde mali haklardan yararlanma gibi pek çok hak tanınmıştır. Zimmilere adaletle muamele edildiğine ve bu hakların tanındığına dair tarih tanıktır. Ehl-i zimmilere tanınan bu haklar karşılığında onlara bazı yükümlülükler de yüklenmiştir. Mesela esasları fıkıh kitaplarında belirlenmiş cizye vergisi, gümrük vergisi ve haraç vergisi gibi. Yine zimmiler İslam’ın kutsallarına saygı göstermek mecburiyetindedirler. Müslümanlık kılıç gücüyle yayılmamıştır. İnsanlar baskı altında olmadan hür iradeleriyle islamiyeti kabul etmişlerdir. Message Abstract The provisions of the people of dhimmis have great importance to the jurists. The dhimmi is the person who bears the responsibility, such as the Jews, Christians, and others who settled in the Islamic lands and released them on bail, or those who were like the Magi in the Islamic state who give a covenant to the state, they will trust in it over their money, honor, and religion, and the original infidel is either a warrior, a weakling, a pledger, a trustee, or an infidel who does not object. The people of dhimmis have rights and guarantees, in the home of Islam, and it means the country in which the provisions of the Muslims are enforced. As for the home of war, it is the ruling in which other than Islam is carried out. Those guarantees are documented by the testimony of history and the texts of the jurists, including the guarantee of freedom of belief and freedom to practice worship, ensuring the safety of its worshiping houses, good behavior, good treatment, justice in their treatment, removal of injustice from them and social solidarity. The dhimmis have duties that they abide by before the home of Islam, such as the jizya taken from the dhimmi for his security and stability in the Muslim countries, as well as the Kharaj, which is a financial tax on foreign lands that the Muslims left in the hands of their owners after they conquered their country and the payment of a tenth of what they trade from one country to another within the home of Islam, and the payment of the tenth is only once a year. They also have other non-financial duties, including the prohibition against belittling Muslims, such as remembrance of God Almighty, His Book, His Messenger, or religion in a bad way and refraining from showing the sale of alcohol and pigs among Muslims and usurious transactions between Muslims. The dhimmis have provisions, including those related to financial transactions, and what Muslims are forbidden not to pay, such as the usury contract, and the provisions related to their penalties and the provisions of their marriage. It is wrong to say that Islam was spread by the power of the sword. If the sword spreads it, a large number of people would accept it at first out of fear, but at first, we see a few converting to it. The secret is that weak people converted to Islam and were not satisfied with turning away from their religion despite any persecution and pressure. en_EN
dc.language.iso other en_EN
dc.subject Zimmiler – İslam ülkesi – Harb Ülkesi – Hürriyet-Cizye en_EN
dc.subject dhimmis - home of Islam - home of war – freedom-cizye en_EN
dc.title İslam Hukukunda Zimmilerin Hak ve Sorumlulukları en_EN
dc.title.alternative The Provisions of the Dhimmis in Islamic Jurisprudence en_EN
dc.type Thesis en_EN


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