Mecelle-İahkam- Iadliyye’de Yeralan Hibe Konusunun Dört Mezhebin Temel Fikih Eserleri İle Mukayesesi
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2023-09-25
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info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Bu araştırma, insanlar arasındaki ortak sözleşmelerden biri olan hibe sözleşmesini, Mecelle-i Ahkâm-ı Adliye'nin hibe bölümünü inceleyerek, dört mezhep ile karşılaştırarak ele almaktadır. Araştırmanın önemi, İslam hukukunun en önemli hibe sözleşmelerinden birini ele almasıyla vurgulanmaktadır ve Osmanlı Devleti'nin sonlarına doğru yargının dayandığı Mecelle-i Ahkâm-ı Adliye'yi incelemektedir. Çünkü Mecelle-i Ahkâm-ı Adliye, çağdaş hukuk materyalleri üzerine İslam hukukunu yazan ilk dergilerden biri olarak kabul edilmektedir. Mecelle’nin Hanefi fıkhını esas aldığı bilinmektedir. Araştırma problemi çalışmanın içinde yatıyor cumhurun ve Mecelle'nin ortak aynı görüşlere sahip olup olmadığını öğrenmek için Mecelle'den hibenin maddelerini ve hükümlerini çıkartıp cumhurun görüşleri ile mukayese yaptık. Bir yandan Mecelle ile Hanefi mezhebinin, diğer yandan Mecelle ile cumhurun görüşü arasındaki görüş birliği ve ihtilaf alanlarını mukayese ettik. Ve Dergi hediye konusunda Hanefi mezhebine içtihad mı ekledi, yoksa dört mezhep arasındaki içtihat farkı aynı mı kaldı? Bu araştırmada tümevarımsal, karşılaştırmalı ve analitik yöntemlerini kullandık. Tümevarımsal yöntemi, fıkıh kitaplarında ve Mecelle'de hibe ile ilgili konuların takibinde kullandık. Karşılaştırmalı yöntemi ise Mecelle'de anlatılanları dört mezhepteki kitaplarla karşılaştırmak için kullandık. Analitik yöntemi ise görüşleri analiz etmek ve cumhurun görüşlerine ne ölçüde katıldıklarını belirlemek için kullandık. Araştırmanın ulaştığı en önemli sonuçlar arasında: Mecelle, Fukahâ'nın çoğunluğunun görüşüne aykırı olarak, anne ve babanın mülkiyetini aldıktan sonra hibeyi geri almanın caiz olduğu ve büyükbaba ile büyükannenin çocuğa bir şey hibe etmeleri halinde hibenin geri alınmasının caiz olduğu konusunda Hanefi mezhebiyle aynı görüştedir. Aynı zamanda Mecelle, eşler arasında verilen hibeyi geri almanın caiz olmadığı konusunda Hanefi, Maliki, Şafii ve Hanbeli ulemasının çoğunluğuyla aynı görüştedir. Mecelle, hibeyle ilgili bölümde üç konuda Hanefi mezhebiyle görüş birliği içindedir: Hibenin tanımı, şartları ve hibeyi sözleşme ve makbuzdan sonra geri almanın caizliği. Mecelle dört konuda dört mezheple aynı görüştedir: Hibeyi vermenin hükmünün caiz olduğu, şartları itibarıyla, eşler arasında hibeyi geri almanın caiz olmadığı ve hastalığı ölümcül olan birisine hibe vermenin hükmü . ?
This thesis examines the gift (Hiba) contract, which is a frequent contract among individuals, by looking after the chapter on gift in the Ottoman Courts Manual (Majalla al-Ahkam al-Adliyya) and comparing it to the four accepted schools of jurisprudence. The study's significance is underscored by the fact that it deals with one of the most important donation contracts in Islamic jurisprudence. It also emphasizes the Ottoman Courts Manual, on which the judiciary in the late Ottoman Empire depended. The Majalla is regarded as one of the first attempts to codify Islamic law. The Majalla is additionally acknowledged to have used Hanafi jurisprudence in its opinions. The research problem lies in the study is investigate the legal materials linked to the provisions of the gift in the Majalla to determine the extent of consistency of the provisions expressed in the Majalla with the sayings of the jurists. Then we will compare it to what jurists' opinions. This is accomplished by clarifying the areas of agreement and disagreement between the Majalla and Hanafi schools of thought, as well as between the Majalla and the opinions of other schools of thought. And did the magazine add ijtihad to the Hanafi school of thought regarding gifts, or did the jurisprudential difference remain the same between the four schools of thought? We used an inductive, comparative, and analytical approach. In tracking topics relating to the gift and its judgments in the books of jurisprudence, we used the inductive approach and the comparative approach. To compare the rulings mentioned in the Majalla with what was stated in the writings of the four schools of jurisprudence, and an analytical approach to assess those viewpoints and establish the extent to which they are compatible with Jamhur’s opinion. Among the most significant findings of the study: The Majalla agreed with the Hanafi schools of thought on the permissibility of withdrawing a gift after taking possession of it from the parents, grandfather, and grandmother if they gave it to the child, which is opposed to the majority of jurists' opinion. The Majalla agreed with the majority of Hanafis, Malikis, Shafi’is, and Ahmad in one of his two opinions regarding the impermissibility of retracting a gift between spouses. The Majalla and the Hanafi reached an agreement on three issues: the definition of the gift, its pillars, and the possibility of retracting the gift. The Majalla agreed with the four schools of jurisprudence on four topics: the ruling on giving a gift, its jurisprudence hukm which is Mustahabb, its circumstances, the impossibility of retracting it between spouses, and the rulings on giving an actively dying person a gift."
This thesis examines the gift (Hiba) contract, which is a frequent contract among individuals, by looking after the chapter on gift in the Ottoman Courts Manual (Majalla al-Ahkam al-Adliyya) and comparing it to the four accepted schools of jurisprudence. The study's significance is underscored by the fact that it deals with one of the most important donation contracts in Islamic jurisprudence. It also emphasizes the Ottoman Courts Manual, on which the judiciary in the late Ottoman Empire depended. The Majalla is regarded as one of the first attempts to codify Islamic law. The Majalla is additionally acknowledged to have used Hanafi jurisprudence in its opinions. The research problem lies in the study is investigate the legal materials linked to the provisions of the gift in the Majalla to determine the extent of consistency of the provisions expressed in the Majalla with the sayings of the jurists. Then we will compare it to what jurists' opinions. This is accomplished by clarifying the areas of agreement and disagreement between the Majalla and Hanafi schools of thought, as well as between the Majalla and the opinions of other schools of thought. And did the magazine add ijtihad to the Hanafi school of thought regarding gifts, or did the jurisprudential difference remain the same between the four schools of thought? We used an inductive, comparative, and analytical approach. In tracking topics relating to the gift and its judgments in the books of jurisprudence, we used the inductive approach and the comparative approach. To compare the rulings mentioned in the Majalla with what was stated in the writings of the four schools of jurisprudence, and an analytical approach to assess those viewpoints and establish the extent to which they are compatible with Jamhur’s opinion. Among the most significant findings of the study: The Majalla agreed with the Hanafi schools of thought on the permissibility of withdrawing a gift after taking possession of it from the parents, grandfather, and grandmother if they gave it to the child, which is opposed to the majority of jurists' opinion. The Majalla agreed with the majority of Hanafis, Malikis, Shafi’is, and Ahmad in one of his two opinions regarding the impermissibility of retracting a gift between spouses. The Majalla and the Hanafi reached an agreement on three issues: the definition of the gift, its pillars, and the possibility of retracting the gift. The Majalla agreed with the four schools of jurisprudence on four topics: the ruling on giving a gift, its jurisprudence hukm which is Mustahabb, its circumstances, the impossibility of retracting it between spouses, and the rulings on giving an actively dying person a gift."
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Hibe, Hibe Hükümleri, Mecelle-i Ahkam-ı Adliye'sinde Hibe, Bağış Sözleşmeleri, The gift (Hiba) contract, The Gift’s ahkam, The Ottoman Courts Manual, Donation Contracts.