KARABÜK - YENİŞEHİR’DE MODERN YAPI ÜRETİM SÜRECİNDE MİMAR/ARKİTEKT DERGİSİNİN ROLÜ
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2022-08
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info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
20. yüzyıl başlarında Türkiye’de Cumhuriyet rejimi ile birlikte, başta başkent Ankara olmak üzere Anadolu kentleri yeniden yapılandırılmıştır. Tüm bu süreç, özellikle endüstrileşme faaliyetlerinin gerçekleştirildiği kentler için daha önemli hale gelmiştir. Endüstri tesislerinin kurulduğu Anadolu kentlerinde farklı dinamikler ortaya çıkmıştır ve bu durum kentlerin ekonomik, toplumsal ve mekansal yapısını önemli ölçüde etkilemiştir. Endüstri yerleşkelerinde bulunan sosyal-kültürel tesisler ve konutlar ile modern mekanlar oluşturulmuştur. Böylece, yaşam biçimi modern düşünceyle yeniden düzenlenmiştir. Bir başka deyişle, Türkiye’de erken Cumhuriyet Dönemi’nde mimarlık ortamı yeniden şekillendirilmiştir ve endüstri kentlerinde modern kimlik oluşturma süreci başlamıştır. Erken Cumhuriyet Dönemi’nde kurulan fabrikaların bir örneği olan Karabük Demir Çelik Fabrikaları ile birlikte Karabük kenti de bir endüstri kenti haline gelmiştir. Karabük Demir Çelik Fabrikaları yerleşkesi olan Yenişehir mahallesi, modern yapılanma faaliyetlerinin gerçekleştirileceği bölge olarak seçilmiştir. Yenişehir bölgesini tasarlayan, planlayan ve modern yapı üretim aşamalarında faal olarak çalışan meslek insanlarının dönemin mimarlık basınını takip ettikleri bilinmektedir. Buradan hareketle, Karabük’ün Yenişehir mahallesinde modern mimarlık geleneğinin oluşturulmasında mimarlık dergilerinin önemli bir rolü olabileceği hipotezi geliştirilmiştir. Bu hipotezi doğrulamak için dönemin ilk süreli mimarlık dergilerinden olan Arkitekt’in içinde yer alan modern yapı örnekleri ile Yenişehir’deki modern yapı örnekleri mimarlık dili bakımından karşılaştırılmıştır. Bu tez çalışması, Yenişehir bölgesindeki mimari yapılar ile Arkitekt dergisindeki yapı örnekleri arasındaki ortak üslup özelliklerini ortaya koymakta ve konut, sağlık, eğitim ve diğer kamu tesislerinin plan ve cephe özellikleri bakımından modern mimari ilkelere göre tasarlandığını doğrulamaktadır. Böylece, Türkiye’deki modern endüstri kentlerinde dünya çapında kabul gören mimarlık üslubunun benzer örneklerinin uygulandığı görülmüş ve mimarlık basınının modern mimarlık dilinin yaygınlaşmasında önemli rolü olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.
With the establishment of the Turkish Republic at the beginning of the 20th century, Anatolian cities, especially the capital Ankara, were restructured. This process has become much more essential, predominantly for cities where industrialization activities are performed. Different dynamics have emerged in the Anatolian cities where industrial facilities are established, which has significantly affected the cities' economic, social, and spatial structure. Modern spaces have been created with social and cultural facilities, lodgings, and residences in industrial settlements. In this way, modern conception has reformed lifestyles. In other words, economic, social, and architectural forms were restructured in the early periods of the Turkish Republic, and the process of forming a modern identity began in industrial cities. Karabük has become an industrial city with Karabük Iron Steel Factories, an example of early Turkish Republic establishments. Yenişehir, as the campus of Karabük Iron Steel Factories, has been chosen for modern structuring activities. A residential area has been designed with a modern architectural perspective in this region. It is known that the professionals who designed, planned, and actively worked in the production stages of modern buildings in the Yenişehir region, which is the scope of this study, followed the architectural press of the period. From this point of view, it has been hypothesized that architectural journals may have an essential role in creating the modern architectural tradition in the Karabük - Yenişehir region. In this regard, modern building samples in Arkitekt, one of the first periodic architectural journals, and Yenişehir were compared in terms of architectural style and language. Our study shows common stylistic features between the architectural structures in the Yenisehir region and the building samples in the journal. It confirms that the houses, health, education, and other public facilities are designed by the principles of modern architecture in terms of plan and facade features. In this context, it has been observed that similar examples of the worldwide accepted architectural style are applied in modern industrial cities in Turkey, and it has been concluded that the architectural press has a vital role in disseminating the modern architectural language."
With the establishment of the Turkish Republic at the beginning of the 20th century, Anatolian cities, especially the capital Ankara, were restructured. This process has become much more essential, predominantly for cities where industrialization activities are performed. Different dynamics have emerged in the Anatolian cities where industrial facilities are established, which has significantly affected the cities' economic, social, and spatial structure. Modern spaces have been created with social and cultural facilities, lodgings, and residences in industrial settlements. In this way, modern conception has reformed lifestyles. In other words, economic, social, and architectural forms were restructured in the early periods of the Turkish Republic, and the process of forming a modern identity began in industrial cities. Karabük has become an industrial city with Karabük Iron Steel Factories, an example of early Turkish Republic establishments. Yenişehir, as the campus of Karabük Iron Steel Factories, has been chosen for modern structuring activities. A residential area has been designed with a modern architectural perspective in this region. It is known that the professionals who designed, planned, and actively worked in the production stages of modern buildings in the Yenişehir region, which is the scope of this study, followed the architectural press of the period. From this point of view, it has been hypothesized that architectural journals may have an essential role in creating the modern architectural tradition in the Karabük - Yenişehir region. In this regard, modern building samples in Arkitekt, one of the first periodic architectural journals, and Yenişehir were compared in terms of architectural style and language. Our study shows common stylistic features between the architectural structures in the Yenisehir region and the building samples in the journal. It confirms that the houses, health, education, and other public facilities are designed by the principles of modern architecture in terms of plan and facade features. In this context, it has been observed that similar examples of the worldwide accepted architectural style are applied in modern industrial cities in Turkey, and it has been concluded that the architectural press has a vital role in disseminating the modern architectural language."
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Erken Cumhuriyet Dönemi, Endüstrileşme, Modern Mimarlık, Arkitekt, Yenişehir, Karabük., Early Republican Period, Industrialization, Modern Architecture, Arkitekt, Yenişehir, Karabük.
