Kur'an-ı Kerim'de insanın kınanan özellikleri ve bunları Kuran'ın ele alış biçimi (Semantik bir inceleme)
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Tarih
2024
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
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Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Karabük Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Kur'an-ı Kerim'e göre insan, eşref-i mahluktur ve Allah'ın yeryüzündeki halifesidir. Vahyin insanla olan ilgisinin en önemli göstergesi Kur'an'da insandan altmış altı defa bahsetmiş olmasıdır. Aynı bağlamdaki diğer ayetlerle birlikte bu altmış altı ayette, onun beşerî yönünün bir parçası olarak kabul edilen övülmüş ve kınanmış çeşitli sıfatları bulunmaktadır. Ayrıca Kur'an-ı Kerim'de insana atfedilen mezmûm sıfatların ve uygun tedavi yöntemlerinin de gösterildiği düşünülmektedir. İlâhi vahiy, insan fıtratındaki her türlü kusurun şifa ve devası; kendisine emanet edilen imar ve halifelik sorumluluğuna layık hale getirecek bir kaynaktır. Araştırmanın amacı, insana atfedilen mezmûm sıfatların konusunu derinlemesine incelemek, Kur'an ayetleri üzerinde düşünmek, müfessirlerin bu sıfatlarla ilgili görüşlerini analiz etmek ve karşılaştırmaktır. Bu çalışmada insan ruhunu tedavi etmeye ve olumsuz etkilerinden kurtulmaya yardımcı olacak yolları gösterecek ve Kur'an-ı Kerim'de "insan" kelimesiyle ilişkilendirilen mezmûm sıfatları ortaya çıkaracak tümevarımsal yöntem izlenmiştir. Ayrıca bu mezmûm sıfatları incelemek, alimlerin ve müfessirlerin bunlarla ilgili sözlerini anlamak ve kınanmış sıfatları tedavi etmenin yollarını bulmak için analitik yöntem kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın ulaştığı en önemli sonuçlar şunlardır: Kur'an-ı Kerim'in mezmûm sıfatları ele alışı iki eksene dayanmaktadır: Birincisi; Kur'ân, tüm zemmolunmuş insan davranışlarını gerek kavramsal gerekse içerik olarak ortaya koymaktadır. Bu yönüyle nefsi hesaba çekmemek, nefsin arzularının karanlığına gömülmesine neden olmaktadır. Kişinin sorumluluk bilincinde olması kınanan sıfatlarını azaltacak ve kıyamet gününde çekilecek olduğu hesabını kolaylaştıracaktır. Kur'an-ı Kerim, insanlarda zemmolunmuş sıfatların tedavisinde teşvik ve korkutma (terhîb ve tergîb) ilkesini esas almıştır. Nefisle cihadın ve ardından hevâ ve heveslere, şeytana, dünya sevgisine ve onun zînetlerine karşı mücahedenin en iyi vasıtalar olduğu görülmektedir. Kur'ân'da mezmûm sıfatlarla ilgili ikinci eksen bunların tedavi edilmesidir. İlahi vahiy, her türlü kınanmış sıfat ile baş etmek için uygun yol ve yöntemleri ortaya koymuştur. Tedavi, sıfatın yasaklanmasıyla başlamakta ve kişinin bu sıfattan ve her türlü olumsuz etkisinden kurtulmasıyla ortadan kalkmaktadır.
Man, the most honourable living creature and God's successor on this planet has been mentioned by the holy Qur'an, sixty-six times. It is so to be evidence of the divine revelation's interest in him. This comes through the explanation of his various qualities - both good and reprehensible ones - which are considered part of his human nature and his real nature. We are quite certain that the reprehensible qualities attributed to man in the Holy Qur'an were not left without appropriate ways to find the suitable remedy for them. The divine revelation is a good treatment and healing for every defect in the nature of the human being. It is also a source of purifying man and elevating him so that he is worthy of the responsibility of reconstruction and caliphate laid to him. This research has come to go deeper into the subject of reprehensible traits attributed to humans, meditating on the verses of the Holy Qur'an, understanding the Interpreters' sayings about those characteristics, analysing them, and comparing them, with the aim of arriving at possible ways that help treat the human soul from them and get rid of their negative effects. For the sake of achieving the goal of the research, we followed all forms like the inductive approach through extrapolating the reprehensible characteristics associated with the word "human" in the Holy Qur'an and revealing them. And the analytical method; by studying and analysing these reprehensible characteristics, and understanding as well as analysing the statements of scholars and interpreters regarding them in order to gain the final goal of treating these reprehensible characteristics. Among the most important outcomes of the research is that the Holy Qur'an's treatment of reprehensible attributes was based on two patterns: the first; A general treatment of all the reprehensible of the human behaviour. We find that the Holy Qur'an has included that neglecting the soul punishment and giving it all the wishes makes the soul indulge in the darkness of desires, while at the same time the self-continuous education would reduce the reprehensible qualities of a person and make his attitude easy on the Day of Resurrection. Among the general methods of treatment, the Qur'an also relied on the principle of encouragement and intimidation in treating reprehensible traits in humans. Finally, we find in the Qur'an that jihad against oneself, and the subsequent jihad against desires, hopes and Satan, and love of the world and its adornments, is the best means of combating reprehensible human characteristics. As for the second pattern of treatment: In it, the Divine Revelation established appropriate ways and methods of dealing with every reprehensible characteristic, starting with the prohibition of the characteristic and ending with releasing the person of it and every negative effect of it.
Man, the most honourable living creature and God's successor on this planet has been mentioned by the holy Qur'an, sixty-six times. It is so to be evidence of the divine revelation's interest in him. This comes through the explanation of his various qualities - both good and reprehensible ones - which are considered part of his human nature and his real nature. We are quite certain that the reprehensible qualities attributed to man in the Holy Qur'an were not left without appropriate ways to find the suitable remedy for them. The divine revelation is a good treatment and healing for every defect in the nature of the human being. It is also a source of purifying man and elevating him so that he is worthy of the responsibility of reconstruction and caliphate laid to him. This research has come to go deeper into the subject of reprehensible traits attributed to humans, meditating on the verses of the Holy Qur'an, understanding the Interpreters' sayings about those characteristics, analysing them, and comparing them, with the aim of arriving at possible ways that help treat the human soul from them and get rid of their negative effects. For the sake of achieving the goal of the research, we followed all forms like the inductive approach through extrapolating the reprehensible characteristics associated with the word "human" in the Holy Qur'an and revealing them. And the analytical method; by studying and analysing these reprehensible characteristics, and understanding as well as analysing the statements of scholars and interpreters regarding them in order to gain the final goal of treating these reprehensible characteristics. Among the most important outcomes of the research is that the Holy Qur'an's treatment of reprehensible attributes was based on two patterns: the first; A general treatment of all the reprehensible of the human behaviour. We find that the Holy Qur'an has included that neglecting the soul punishment and giving it all the wishes makes the soul indulge in the darkness of desires, while at the same time the self-continuous education would reduce the reprehensible qualities of a person and make his attitude easy on the Day of Resurrection. Among the general methods of treatment, the Qur'an also relied on the principle of encouragement and intimidation in treating reprehensible traits in humans. Finally, we find in the Qur'an that jihad against oneself, and the subsequent jihad against desires, hopes and Satan, and love of the world and its adornments, is the best means of combating reprehensible human characteristics. As for the second pattern of treatment: In it, the Divine Revelation established appropriate ways and methods of dealing with every reprehensible characteristic, starting with the prohibition of the characteristic and ending with releasing the person of it and every negative effect of it.
Açıklama
Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü, Temel İslam Bilimleri Ana Bilim Dalı, Temel İslam Bilimleri Bilim Dalı
Anahtar Kelimeler
Din, Religion
