Safranbolu kırsalındaki geleneksel çantı evlerin tespiti, korunmaları ve restorasyonları için öneriler: Akkışla, Cabbar, Cücahlı ve Gökpınar köyleri örneği
Küçük Resim Yok
Tarih
2019
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Karabük Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
18. - 19. yüzyıllarda, Avrupa'da gerçekleşen sanayi devriminin etkileriyle, üretim - tüketim biçimleri, yaşam tarzı, kültür ile birlikte yapı üretim biçimleri de değişime uğramıştır. Sanayi devriminin etkileri 20. yüzyılda, Anadolu'da da görülmüştür. Bu değişim, en çok zirai üretimin merkezleri olan kırsal yerleşim birimlerini etkilemiştir. Kırdan kente göç yaşanmış ve binlerce yılda oluşan kültür, artık aktarılamaz hale gelmiştir. Kırsal alanda bugün hâlâ örneklerini gördüğümüz geleneksel evler, binlerce yılda şekillenmiş bir kültürün ürünüdür ve kültür aktarma sisteminin önemli bir parçasıdır. Geçmişte boşaltılarak yıkılmaya terkedilmiş bu evler, günümüzde kırsal alanlara ve kırsal yaşam biçimine ilginin artmasıyla, köylerine dönmek isteyen, geleneksel kültürü unutmuş 2. ve 3. nesiller tarafından makbul görülmeyerek yıkılmaktadır. Bu evlerin, kaybedilmesi ile, insanlığın oluşturduğu bilgi birikimi ve ileride bu bilgi birikiminden yararlanabilme ihtimali ortadan kalkacaktır. Safranbolu kent merkezinin yakın çevresinde bulunan kırsal alanlar ve buradaki yapı kültürü çeşitli çalışmalara konu olmuştur. İlgililerde ve kamuoyunda konuyla ilgili belirli ölçüde farkındalık oluşmuştur. Her ne kadar sayısal anlamda yetersiz olsa da, bu bölgede yer alan bazı köyler ve yapılar yasal olarak koruma altına alınmıştır. Safranbolu kentine görece uzak kuzey orman köylerinde, kent çevresindeki kırsal alanlardan farklı olarak biçimlenmiş yapı kültürü görülür. Bu bölgede, dünyada farklı coğrafyalarda da görülebilen ve Anadolu'da özellikle Karadeniz Bölgesi'nde rastlanan çantı (yığma ahşap) yapım sistemi ile yapılmış geleneksel konutlar bulunur. Yapım sisteminin elverişli olmaması sebebiyle, Anadolu'da daha çok bir ya da birkaç mekânlı yayla evlerinde kullanılan bu sistemin, yörede dört - beş odalı ve büyük sofalı en az iki katlı karmaşık yapılarda yaygın olarak kullanıldığı görülmüştür. Bu bağlamda, tarihi Safranbolu kent merkezindeki yerleşme ile tanınmış yapı kültürünün bir bileşeni olan, Safranbolu kırsalının çantı evleri bu çalışmanın konusunu oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmada seçilen dört köy incelenerek, köylerin ve korunması gereken yapıların mevcut durum tespitleri yapılmıştır. Bu köyler ve incelenen köylerden seçilen 12 ev analiz edilerek tasarım kuralları ve şekilleri tek tek açıklanmıştır. Çalışmanın öncelikli amacı; bu yapıları oluşturan süreçleri ve etkenleri ortaya koyarak yapıları belgelemek, korunma gerekliliklerini araştırmak ve koruma – restorasyon konusunda yöntem önerileri getirerek konuya katkı sağlamaktır. Bu çalışma aynı zamanda Safranbolu'nun çantı evleriyle ilgili bir literatür oluşturulmasına da önemli katkılar sağlayacaktır.
With the effects of the industrial revolution in Europe in the 18th - 19th centuries, along with the differentiation of production and consumption, lifestyle, culture; building system has also changed. The effects of industrial revolution have been seen in Anatolia in 20th century. This changes mostly affected rural settlements, which were the centers of agricultural production. With the increase of migration from rural to urban areas, the culture which formed in thousands of years has become unsustainable. Traditional houses in rural areas are the artifacts of culture and are important parts of the cultural transmission system. These houses, which had been abandoned in the past, are now destroyed by the increasing interest in rural areas and rural lifestyles. The 2nd and 3rd generations who forgot the traditional culture did not see these historic houses as livable when they returned to their villages. The accumulated traditional knowledge will be eliminated by the loss of these houses. The rural areas in the environment of Safranbolu city center and the building culture in there have been the subject of various studies. There has been a certain level of awareness in relevant and public opinion. Although it is inadequate, some villages and structures in this area have been under legal protection. In the northern forest villages around the city of Safranbolu and the building culture are different from the rural areas around the city. In this region, there are traditional houses made with the construction system of log which can be seen in different regions of the world and especially in the Black Sea region in Anatolia. This traditional housing system, which used in one or several places in the highland houses in Anatolia, is widely used in the complex with four-five rooms and large sofas in the two-storied buildings. In this context, the log houses of the Safranbolu countryside, which is a component of the well-known housing culture with the settlement in the historical center of Safranbolu, constitute the subject of this study. In the study, the four selected villages were examined and the current status of the villages and the structures protected were determined. twelve houses selected from these villages were analyzed and design rules/forms were explained each. The primary purpose of the study is to contribute to the preservation of these structures by expressing the necessity of protection. This study will also contribute to the restoration and restitution of buildings in the future by forming relevant literature.
With the effects of the industrial revolution in Europe in the 18th - 19th centuries, along with the differentiation of production and consumption, lifestyle, culture; building system has also changed. The effects of industrial revolution have been seen in Anatolia in 20th century. This changes mostly affected rural settlements, which were the centers of agricultural production. With the increase of migration from rural to urban areas, the culture which formed in thousands of years has become unsustainable. Traditional houses in rural areas are the artifacts of culture and are important parts of the cultural transmission system. These houses, which had been abandoned in the past, are now destroyed by the increasing interest in rural areas and rural lifestyles. The 2nd and 3rd generations who forgot the traditional culture did not see these historic houses as livable when they returned to their villages. The accumulated traditional knowledge will be eliminated by the loss of these houses. The rural areas in the environment of Safranbolu city center and the building culture in there have been the subject of various studies. There has been a certain level of awareness in relevant and public opinion. Although it is inadequate, some villages and structures in this area have been under legal protection. In the northern forest villages around the city of Safranbolu and the building culture are different from the rural areas around the city. In this region, there are traditional houses made with the construction system of log which can be seen in different regions of the world and especially in the Black Sea region in Anatolia. This traditional housing system, which used in one or several places in the highland houses in Anatolia, is widely used in the complex with four-five rooms and large sofas in the two-storied buildings. In this context, the log houses of the Safranbolu countryside, which is a component of the well-known housing culture with the settlement in the historical center of Safranbolu, constitute the subject of this study. In the study, the four selected villages were examined and the current status of the villages and the structures protected were determined. twelve houses selected from these villages were analyzed and design rules/forms were explained each. The primary purpose of the study is to contribute to the preservation of these structures by expressing the necessity of protection. This study will also contribute to the restoration and restitution of buildings in the future by forming relevant literature.
Açıklama
Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Mimarlık Ana Bilim Dalı
Anahtar Kelimeler
Mimarlık, Architecture
