Karabük ve çevresindeki yeraltı sularının içme suyu ve sulama suyu açısından kullanılabilirliğinin incelemesi
Küçük Resim Yok
Tarih
2017
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Karabük Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Çevre yönetimi açısından kirletici kaynakların tespiti, taşınımı ve kirleticilerin konsantrasyonlarının belirlenmesi büyük önem arzeder. Karabük İlinde büyük demir çelik ve metal endüstrilerinin olması, bu endüstrilerin ildeki yeraltı suları üzerine etkisinin incelenmesi açışından oldukça önemlidir. Bunlara ilave olarak, ilin coğrafi konumunun kirlilik birikimine müsait olmasına karşılık bölge için endüstriyel kirlilik ve etkileri konusunda yeterli çevresel çalışma ve değerlendirme bulunmamaktadır. Çalışma alanı, Karabük ili ve çevresindeki içme suyu ve sulama suyu amaçlı kullanılan yeraltı sularını kapsamaktadır. Karabük ilinde farklı sektörlerin yanında, özellikle demir çelik fabrikası ve haddehaneler ağırlıklı olarak bulunmaktadır. Bu durum araştırma alanı üzerindeki sanayi etkilerinin ve kirlilik taşınımının değerlendirilmesi açısından önem taşımaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Karabük ilindeki kuyuların yerleri tespit edilerek, endüstriyel ve tarımsal kirliliğinin yeraltı suları üzerine etkileri değerlendirilmiştir. Endüstri kaynaklı kirliliğinin etkilerini tespit etmek için farklı 22 adet örnekleme noktası seçilmiştir. Buralarda numune alımı ve analizlerin yapılabilmesi için Kastamonu DSİ Bölge Müdürlüğü gerekli izinler alınmıştır. Seçilen örnekleme noktalarından 12 aylık proje süresince mevsimsel olarak (yağışlı ve kurak dönem) örnekler alınmıştır. Su örneklerinin alımının ve analizinin öncelikle yağışlı ve kurak dönemleri temsil etmesine dikkat edilmiştir. Yeraltı suyu kalitesinin saptanması için yerinde, debi, sıcaklık (T), pH, elektriksel iletkenlik (EC), toplam çözünmüş madde miktarı (TDS) ve pH ölçümü yapılmıştır. Kimyasal özelliklerin araştırılabilmesi için su örneklerinde , major iyonlar (Ca, Mg, Na, K, CO3, HCO3, CI, SO4), iz elementler (Li, B, Sr, Fe, Mn, Cu, Pb, Zn, As, Se, Hg, Ag, Cr, Co, Cd vb.), nitrit (NO2), nitrat (NO3) analizleri yaptırılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler yardımıyla sular içme ve sulama suyu açısından değerlendirilmiştir. Yapılan yağışlı dönem değerlendirmelerinde, K22'de pH (9.62), K11'de Sülfat (476 mg/l) ve Demir (0.28 mg/l) değerinin yüksek olduğu görülmüştür. Yapılan kurak dönem değerlendirmelerinde, K 10 (9.62) ve K 22'de pH (9.77), K19'da Sülfat (614 mg/L), K17'de Nitrat (50.50 mg/l) ve K6'da Demir (0.439 mg/l) değerlerinin de yüksek olduğu görülmüştür. Diğer tüm değerlerin içme suyu açısından üst limitlerin altında olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Yeraltı sularımızın sulama suyu olarak değerlendirlmesi sonucunda yağışlı dönemde sadece K5 yeraltı suyunun "Kullanılabilir-Şüpheli" sınıfında olduğu görülmüştür. Diğer yeraltı sularının hem yağışlı hem de kurak dönemde sulama suyu açısından kullanılmasında sakınca bulunmadığı tespit edilmiştir.
Determination of pollutant sources, transport and determination of concentrations of pollutants is of great importance in terms of environmental management. The existence of large iron and steel and metal industries in Karabük province is very important in terms of exploring the effect of these industries on the underlying ground waters. In addition to this, although the geographical location of the province is suitable for the accumulation of pollution, there is not enough environmental study and assesment on the industrial pollution and its effects for the region. The study area includes ground waters used for drinking water and irrigation water in and around Karabük. There are mainly iron and steel factories and rolling mills beside different sectors in Karabük. This is important from the point of view of the study carried out, in terms of the assessment of industrial influences and pollution transport. In this study, the locations of wells in Karabük province were determined and the effects of industrial and agricultural pollution on groundwater were evaluated 22 different sampling points were selected to determine the effects of industrial pollution.The necessary permits were obtained from the Kastamonu DSİ Regional Directorate for sampling and analysis. Samples were collected seasonally (rainy and dry season) during the 12 month project from selected sampling points. It has been noted that the sampling and analysis of water samples primarily represent wet and dry periods. Flow rate, temperature (T), pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved matter (TDS) and pH measurement were performed in situ for the determination of groundwater quality. Analyzes of major ions (Ca, Mg, Na, K, CO3, HCO3, CI, SO4), trace elements (B, Li, Sr, Fe, Mn, Cu, Pb, Zn, As, Se, Ag, Hg, Cr, Cd, Co,etc.), nitrite (NO2) and nitrate(NO3) in water samples are carried out to investigate chemical properties.With the help of the obtained data, the water was evaluated in terms of drinking and irrigation water. As a result of the analyzes, K22 PH (9.62), K11 Sulphate (476 mg/l) and Iron (0.28 mg/l) values were found to be high in the rainy term evaluations. Furthermore, pH (K 10 (9.62) and K 22(9.77)) , K19 Sulphate (614 mg/L) , K17 Nitrate (50.50 mg/l) and K6 Iron (0.439 mg/l) values were found to be in the arid period evaluations. All other values have been found to be below the upper limits in terms of drinking water. As a result of evaluating underground waters as irrigation water showed that only K5 groundwater was found to be in the "Usable-Doubtful" class during the rainy season. Also, It has been determined that there is no drawback in using other ground waters in terms of irrigation water in both rainy and dry season.
Determination of pollutant sources, transport and determination of concentrations of pollutants is of great importance in terms of environmental management. The existence of large iron and steel and metal industries in Karabük province is very important in terms of exploring the effect of these industries on the underlying ground waters. In addition to this, although the geographical location of the province is suitable for the accumulation of pollution, there is not enough environmental study and assesment on the industrial pollution and its effects for the region. The study area includes ground waters used for drinking water and irrigation water in and around Karabük. There are mainly iron and steel factories and rolling mills beside different sectors in Karabük. This is important from the point of view of the study carried out, in terms of the assessment of industrial influences and pollution transport. In this study, the locations of wells in Karabük province were determined and the effects of industrial and agricultural pollution on groundwater were evaluated 22 different sampling points were selected to determine the effects of industrial pollution.The necessary permits were obtained from the Kastamonu DSİ Regional Directorate for sampling and analysis. Samples were collected seasonally (rainy and dry season) during the 12 month project from selected sampling points. It has been noted that the sampling and analysis of water samples primarily represent wet and dry periods. Flow rate, temperature (T), pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved matter (TDS) and pH measurement were performed in situ for the determination of groundwater quality. Analyzes of major ions (Ca, Mg, Na, K, CO3, HCO3, CI, SO4), trace elements (B, Li, Sr, Fe, Mn, Cu, Pb, Zn, As, Se, Ag, Hg, Cr, Cd, Co,etc.), nitrite (NO2) and nitrate(NO3) in water samples are carried out to investigate chemical properties.With the help of the obtained data, the water was evaluated in terms of drinking and irrigation water. As a result of the analyzes, K22 PH (9.62), K11 Sulphate (476 mg/l) and Iron (0.28 mg/l) values were found to be high in the rainy term evaluations. Furthermore, pH (K 10 (9.62) and K 22(9.77)) , K19 Sulphate (614 mg/L) , K17 Nitrate (50.50 mg/l) and K6 Iron (0.439 mg/l) values were found to be in the arid period evaluations. All other values have been found to be below the upper limits in terms of drinking water. As a result of evaluating underground waters as irrigation water showed that only K5 groundwater was found to be in the "Usable-Doubtful" class during the rainy season. Also, It has been determined that there is no drawback in using other ground waters in terms of irrigation water in both rainy and dry season.
Açıklama
Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Çevre Mühendisliği Ana Bilim Dalı
Anahtar Kelimeler
Çevre Mühendisliği, Environmental Engineering
