Sosyalizmden neoliberal döneme geçişte Şili deneyimi
Küçük Resim Yok
Tarih
2023
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Karabük Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Sosyalistler, toplumsal eşitsizliği ve yoksulluğu azaltmanın yolunun ortak mülkiyet olduğuna inanmışlardır. Onlar için ortak mülkiyet bir araç olduğu kadar bir amaç haline gelmiştir. Sosyalizm iş birliğini ön planda tutmakta; bireyci kâr yerine kolektif çaba ile topluma yarar sağlamayı savunmaktadır. Diğer bir deyişle amaç, toplumda fırsat eşitliği ve ekonomik güven yaratmaktır. Şili'de sosyalistler yoksulluğu ve eşitsizliği ortadan kaldırarak, sınıfsız bir toplum yaratmak ve böylece ekonomik ve siyasal olarak var olmak için mücadele etmişlerdir. Bu mücadele işçi sınıfının desteğiyle olmuş, bu bağlamda kitlesel hareketler ortaya çıkmıştır. Şilililer yıllardır süregelen ve siyasi yollarla yürüttükleri eşitlik, özgürlük ve ekonomik refah mücadelesinin meyvelerine 1970'te kavuşmuşlardır. Ancak 1970-1973 yıllarında sosyalizm ile yönetilen Şili, yeterince başarılı olamamıştır. Dolayısıyla sosyalizm taraftarlarının görüşleri yıllar içerisinde değişmiştir. Şili'de sosyalizmin getirmiş olduğu sorunlar zamanla direnişe neden olmuş, daha sonra ABD'nin müdahalesiyle Şili'de askeri darbe gerçekleşmiştir. Şili'deki sosyalist Salvador Allende hükümeti çökmüş, 1973-1990 yıllarında Augusto Pinochet yönetiminde Şili, neoliberal politikaların uygulandığı bir ülke olmuştur. Bu dönemde ülkede neoliberalizm ile istikrarın sağlanmasını amaçlayan politikalar uygulanmaya başlamıştır. Bu çalışmada, her iki ideolojinin uygulanma sürecinde ortaya çıkardığı sorunlar tarihi ve siyasi boyutuyla ele alınmış, tarafların sürece bakış açıları ideolojileri bağlamında değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışmada, sosyalizmin tarihi genel olarak incelenmiş, Şili özelinde sosyalist politikaların ekonomik ve politik sonuçları ele alınmıştır. Daha sonra Şili'de neoliberal politikaların bir bilinç oluşturduğu ve tercih edilebilir bir model olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Bu tez çalışmasında sosyalizmin ortaya çıkışı ve gelişimi ele alınmıştır. Bu gelişim süresince geçirdiği dönüşümler ortaya konulmuştur. Sosyalizm modelinin toplum üzerindeki etkileri, yöneten ve halk arasındaki ilişkilerin nasıl olduğu incelenmiştir. Sosyalist ülkelerde sosyalizmin uygulanma biçimleri ve yapıları, tarihsel süreçleri ile beraber irdelenmiştir. Sosyalist yönetimlerin ekonomik ve politik yönleri tarihsel olaylarla anlatılmıştır. Sosyalizmin, Latin Amerika bölgesindeki yükselişi ele alınmış, ardından çöküşü ise Şili özelinde ortaya konulmuştur. Anahtar Kelimeler: Sosyalizm, Neo-liberalizm, Latin Amerika, Şili, Allende, Pinochet.
Socialists have believed that the path to reducing societal inequality and poverty lies in communal ownership. For them, communal ownership has become not only a means but also an end. Socialism prioritizes cooperation; It advocates providing benefit to society with collective effort instead of individualistic profit. In other words, the aim is to create equality of opportunity and economic trust in the society. In Chile, socialists have fought to eliminate poverty and inequality, striving to establish a classless society and thereby achieve economic and political existence. This struggle has been supported by the working class, giving rise to mass movements. Chileans have reaped the fruits of their long-standing pursuit of equality, freedom, and economic well-being through political means in 1970. However, the period of socialist rule in Chile from 1970 to 1973 was not sufficiently successful. Therefore, the views of supporters of socialism have changed over the years. The problems brought by socialism in Chile caused resistance over time, and then a military coup took place in Chile with the intervention of the USA. The socialist government of Salvador Allende in Chile collapsed, and Chile became a country where neoliberal policies were implemented under the rule of Augusto Pinochet in 1973-1990. During this period, policies aimed at achieving stability through neoliberalism were implemented in the country. In this study, the problems posed by both ideologies in the implementation process are discussed with their historical and political dimensions, and the perspectives of the parties to the process are evaluated in the context of their ideologies. The study provides a general examination of the history of socialism and specifically focuses on the economic and political consequences of socialist policies in Chile. Subsequently, it was concluded that neoliberal policies created an awareness in Chile and emerged as a preferable model. This thesis examines the emergence and development of socialism. And also it highlights the transformations that socialism has undergone during its developmental process. The effects of the socialist model on society have been examined, as well as the nature of relationships between the governing authorities and the populace. The forms and structures of the implementation of socialism in socialist countries have been examined together with their historical processes. The economic and political aspects of socialist governments have been narrated through historical events. The rise of socialism in the Latin American region was discussed, and then its collapse was specifically revealed in the case of Chile. Keywords: Socialism, Neo-liberalism, Latin America, Chile, Allende, Pinochet.
Socialists have believed that the path to reducing societal inequality and poverty lies in communal ownership. For them, communal ownership has become not only a means but also an end. Socialism prioritizes cooperation; It advocates providing benefit to society with collective effort instead of individualistic profit. In other words, the aim is to create equality of opportunity and economic trust in the society. In Chile, socialists have fought to eliminate poverty and inequality, striving to establish a classless society and thereby achieve economic and political existence. This struggle has been supported by the working class, giving rise to mass movements. Chileans have reaped the fruits of their long-standing pursuit of equality, freedom, and economic well-being through political means in 1970. However, the period of socialist rule in Chile from 1970 to 1973 was not sufficiently successful. Therefore, the views of supporters of socialism have changed over the years. The problems brought by socialism in Chile caused resistance over time, and then a military coup took place in Chile with the intervention of the USA. The socialist government of Salvador Allende in Chile collapsed, and Chile became a country where neoliberal policies were implemented under the rule of Augusto Pinochet in 1973-1990. During this period, policies aimed at achieving stability through neoliberalism were implemented in the country. In this study, the problems posed by both ideologies in the implementation process are discussed with their historical and political dimensions, and the perspectives of the parties to the process are evaluated in the context of their ideologies. The study provides a general examination of the history of socialism and specifically focuses on the economic and political consequences of socialist policies in Chile. Subsequently, it was concluded that neoliberal policies created an awareness in Chile and emerged as a preferable model. This thesis examines the emergence and development of socialism. And also it highlights the transformations that socialism has undergone during its developmental process. The effects of the socialist model on society have been examined, as well as the nature of relationships between the governing authorities and the populace. The forms and structures of the implementation of socialism in socialist countries have been examined together with their historical processes. The economic and political aspects of socialist governments have been narrated through historical events. The rise of socialism in the Latin American region was discussed, and then its collapse was specifically revealed in the case of Chile. Keywords: Socialism, Neo-liberalism, Latin America, Chile, Allende, Pinochet.
Açıklama
Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü, Bölge Çalışmaları Ana Bilim Dalı
Anahtar Kelimeler
Siyasal Bilimler, Political Science ; Uluslararası İlişkiler
