TÜRK DEMİR ÇELİK SEKTÖRÜNÜN 2000-2021 DÖNEMİNDE ULUSLARARASI REKABET GÜCÜNÜN SEÇİLMİŞ AB ÜYESİ ÜLKELERİ İLE KARŞILAŞTIRMALI ANALİZİ
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2023-04-24
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info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Rekabet global iktisadi bağlantılarda esas kavramlardan biridir. Küreselleşmenin tesiri altında rekabet iç ve dış pazarların ekonomik bağlantılarında temel bir döngü yaratmaktadır. Rekabetin oluşturduğu bu hareketli münasebetlerde rekabet edebilirlik gücünün ölçülmesi kritik önem taşımaktadır. Bir ülkenin belirli bir sahada rekabet avantajına malik olması, bu alandaki global piyasadaki üstünlüğüne de doğrudan tesir etmektedir. Çelik sanayisi, ülkemizin ilerde gelen endüstrilerinden bir tanesidir. Türkiye?in uluslararası ticaret kapasitesi ve hacmini dünyanın ileride gelen ülkeleri arasındadır. Dolayısıyla sanayi, demir çelik sektörün rekabet edebilirliğinin korumasında oldukça önemlidir. Esasen gelişmekte olan ülkeler için kritik sektörlerden biri olan demir çelik endüstrisi beyaz eşya, otomotiv, savunma, inşaat, gemi yapımı başta olmakla birçok endüstriye girdi sağlamaktadır. Endüstrinin küresel arenadaki rekabet gücünün tayin edilmesi, ülkemizin de içinde bulunduğu ülkelerde endüstrinin gelişimi yönünden oldukça önemlidir. Türk demir çeliği, sanayileşmenin öncü sektörlerinden biri ve bu sektörü ileriye taşıyan önemli bir imalat sektörüdür. 1930?lu yıllarda Türk demir çelik endüstrisinin temeli atılmağa başladı ve 1939 yılında ilk Karabük Demir Çelik tesisi işletmeye açıldı. Bunların ardınca 1965 yılında Erdemir, 1975 yılında ise İsdemir faaliyete geçti. 1960 yılından sonra devletin desteyi ile kurulan sanayilerle beraber özel sektörlerinde bu alanda çalışmaya başlaması ile bu sektörün daha da büyümesini hızlandırmıştır. Türkiye, iktisadi yapıdaki gelişimine ek olarak hem kamu hem de özel sektörlerdeki çelik üretim kapasitesi 1980 yılının ikinci yarısından sonra açılan yeni işletmelerle beraber zamanla artmağa başlamıştır. Ayrıca İsdemir 2002 yılında özel sektöre dönüşmesiyle beraber 2006 yılında da Erdemir tesisinin özelleştirilmesi tamamlandıktan sonra mülkiyeti tamamı ile özel sektöre geçti. Türkiye?nin demir çelik sektörünün uluslararası rekabet gücünün analizine yönelik bu çalışmamızda Açıklanmış Karşılaştırmalı Üstünlükler yönteminden istifade olunmuştur. Araştırmamızda kullanılan dış ticaret verileri 2000-2021 yıllarını kapsamaktadır. Bu veriler Birleşmiş Milletler Mal ve Ticaret İstatistikleri Veri Tabanı (UN Comtrade), Uluslararası Ticaret Merkezi?nin (ITC) güvenilir ve güncel veri kaynağı gibi kabul edilen ?Trademap? istatistik veri tabanından ve Dünya Çelik Birliğinin (World Steel Association) verileri kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Aynı zamanda çalışmamızda Balassa ve Vollrath?ın geliştirdiği yöntemler de kullanılmıştır. Analiz yaptığımız 2000-2021 yılları arasında Türkiye?in demir çelik sektörünün seçilmiş AB üyesi ülkeleri ile karşılaştırmalı analizinin sonucunda Türkiye?in demir çelik sektörünün AB üyesi ülkeleri karşısında rekabet avantajına sahip olduğu sonucu ortaya çıkmıştır. ?
Competition is one of the fundamental concepts in global economic connections. Competition under the influence of globalization creates a fundamental cycle in the economic connections of domestic and foreign markets. Measuring competitiveness is critical in these dynamic relations created by competition. That a country has a competitive advantage in a certain area also affects its superiority in the global market in the said field. The steel industry is one of the leading industries in Turkey. In the steel industry, Turkey's international trade capacity and volume is among the leading countries of the world. Therefore, the industry is very important in maintaining the competitiveness of the iron and steel industry. In fact, the iron and steel industry, which is one of the critical sectors for developing countries, provides input to many industries, especially white goods, automotive, defense, construction and shipbuilding. Determining the competitiveness of the industry in the global arena is quite important for the development of the industry in countries including Turkey. The Turkish iron and steel industry is one of the leading sectors of industrialization and it is an important manufacturing sector that brings about industrialization advancements. The 1930s saw the laying of the foundation for the Turkish iron and steel industry. By 1939, the first Karabük Iron and Steel plant was put into operation. Following these, Erdemir started operation in 1965 and İsdemir, in 1975. After 1960, it accelerated the growth of the sector by working in concerted effort with other industries established with the support of the state. In addition to its economic development, Turkey's steel production capacity in both the public and private sectors began to increase over time; with new businesses opening after the second half of 1980. Additionally, with İsdemir's transformation to the private sector in 2002, Erdemir facility followed suit and its privatisation was completed in 2006 passing the owner ship completely to the private sector. In this study on the analysis of the international competitiveness of Turkey's iron and steel industry, Revealed Comparative Advantages method was used. The foreign trade data used in this research covers the years between 2000 and 2021. These data were collected using the United Nations Goodsand Trade Statistics Database (UN Comtrade), the International TradeCenter's (ITC) ?Trademap? statistical database -which is accepted as a reliable and up-to-date data source, and the World Steel Association's data. Simultaneously, the methods developed by Balassa andVollrath were also used in our study. As a result of the comparative analysis of Turkey's iron and steel industry with selected EU member countries between the years 2000 and 2021 which we analyzed, it was concluded that Turkey's iron and steel industry has a competitive advantage over those of the EU member states."
Competition is one of the fundamental concepts in global economic connections. Competition under the influence of globalization creates a fundamental cycle in the economic connections of domestic and foreign markets. Measuring competitiveness is critical in these dynamic relations created by competition. That a country has a competitive advantage in a certain area also affects its superiority in the global market in the said field. The steel industry is one of the leading industries in Turkey. In the steel industry, Turkey's international trade capacity and volume is among the leading countries of the world. Therefore, the industry is very important in maintaining the competitiveness of the iron and steel industry. In fact, the iron and steel industry, which is one of the critical sectors for developing countries, provides input to many industries, especially white goods, automotive, defense, construction and shipbuilding. Determining the competitiveness of the industry in the global arena is quite important for the development of the industry in countries including Turkey. The Turkish iron and steel industry is one of the leading sectors of industrialization and it is an important manufacturing sector that brings about industrialization advancements. The 1930s saw the laying of the foundation for the Turkish iron and steel industry. By 1939, the first Karabük Iron and Steel plant was put into operation. Following these, Erdemir started operation in 1965 and İsdemir, in 1975. After 1960, it accelerated the growth of the sector by working in concerted effort with other industries established with the support of the state. In addition to its economic development, Turkey's steel production capacity in both the public and private sectors began to increase over time; with new businesses opening after the second half of 1980. Additionally, with İsdemir's transformation to the private sector in 2002, Erdemir facility followed suit and its privatisation was completed in 2006 passing the owner ship completely to the private sector. In this study on the analysis of the international competitiveness of Turkey's iron and steel industry, Revealed Comparative Advantages method was used. The foreign trade data used in this research covers the years between 2000 and 2021. These data were collected using the United Nations Goodsand Trade Statistics Database (UN Comtrade), the International TradeCenter's (ITC) ?Trademap? statistical database -which is accepted as a reliable and up-to-date data source, and the World Steel Association's data. Simultaneously, the methods developed by Balassa andVollrath were also used in our study. As a result of the comparative analysis of Turkey's iron and steel industry with selected EU member countries between the years 2000 and 2021 which we analyzed, it was concluded that Turkey's iron and steel industry has a competitive advantage over those of the EU member states."
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Rekabet Gücü, Demir Çelik Sektörü, Karşılaştırmalı Üstünlükler Yaklaşımı, Balassa Endeksi, Vollrath Endeksi., Competitiveness, Ironand Steel Industry, Comparati Advantages Approach, Balassa Index, Vollrath Index