MODELING AND SIMULATION OF VIBRATIONS OF RAIL SYSTEM VEHICLES BY USING ELECTRICAL-MECHANICAL ANALOGY
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2020-02-21
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info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Raylı araçların dinamik davranışlarının belirlenmesine yönelik çalışmalar günümüzde hızlı bir şekilde devam etmektedir. Bilim çevreleri raylı araçları çok yüksek hızlara çıkarabilmek için farklı farklı teker-ray etkileşim teorileri geliştirmektedirler. Bu gelişmeler ışığında teker ve ray arasında oluşan temas bölgesi tanımlanarak burada oluşan temas kuvvetleri hesaplanabilmekte ve buradan yola çıkarak raylı araç üzerinde oluşan kuvvetler belirlenebilmektedir. Bunun yanı sıra yolcu konforuna önemli ölçüde etki eden ray pürüzlülükleri farklı simülasyon ortamlarında gerçek zamanlı olarak dinamik test ünitelerinde denenmesine yönelik çalışmalar da geliştirilmeye devam etmektedir. Bu çalışmada, üretimi ve montajı yüksek maliyet gerektiren dinamik raylı araç test ünitelerinin elektrik-mekanik analoji yöntemi ile elektriksel eş değer devresi deneysel ortamda elde edilip, gerçek zamanlı farklı yol şartlarındaki simülasyon çalışmaları, geliştirilen devre üzerinden elde edilmiştir. İlk etapta basit bir kütle-yay-damper sistemi ele alınmıştır. Newton’un ikinci hareket kanunu kullanılarak bu sisteminin serbest cisim diyagramı çizilip hareket denklemleri elde edilmiştir. Daha sonra mekanik ve eşdeğer elektrik devresi oluşturulmuştur. En son olarak da sisteminin transfer fonksiyonu ve Simulink modeli elde edilip bilgisayar ortamında Simulink modeli, transfer fonksiyonu ve eşdeğer elektriksel devresinin karşılaştırılması yapılmıştır. Yapılan işlemler pasif süspansiyon sistemi, iki serbestlik dereceli raylı taşıt modeli ve beş serbestlik dereceli boji modeli için de uygulanmış ve analizler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Sonrasında on serbestlik dereceli yarım raylı taşıtı ele alınmış, matematiksel modeli çıkartılmış, elektrik modelinin doğrulanması için MATLAB Simulink ortamında raylı aracın davranışını analiz etmeyi sağlayan bir şema oluşturulmuş, çapraz korelasyon ile sonuçlar karşılaştırılmıştır. En son olarak da teorik olarak doğrulanmış olan elektrik-mekanik analoji teorisinin deneysel açıdan da karşılaştırılmasını yapabilmek için iki serbestlik derecesine sahip raylı araç modeli üzerinde hem mekanik hem de elektriksel olarak üçer kez deney yapılmış ve elde edilen sinyaller teorik verilerle karşılaştırılmıştır.
Nowadays, studies to determine the dynamic behavior of rail vehicles are continuing rapidly. Scientists are developing different theories of wheel-rail interaction to increase rail vehicles to very high speeds. By these developed theories, the contact area formed between the wheel and the rail can be defined, the contact forces can be calculated, and the forces generated on the rail vehicle can be determined. In addition, it continues to be developed in the field of testing the rail roughness, which significantly affects passenger comfort, in real-time dynamic testing units in different simulation environments. In the study, electrical equivalent circuit of the dynamic rail vehicle test units, which require design, production and installation of excessive cost, was obtained in the experimental environment and the simulation results in real time and different rail conditions were obtained. In the first stage, a simple mass-spring-damper system was examined. Using Newton's second law of motion, the free body diagram of this system was constituted, and equations of motion were obtained. Then, mechanical and equivalent electrical circuit was formed. Finally, the transfer function and Simulink model of the system had been obtained and the Simulink model, transfer function and electrical circuit had been compared each other in computer environment. The same analyzes were carried out for the passive suspension system, two degree of freedom rail vehicle model and five degree of freedom bogie model. Then, ten degree of freedom half-rail vehicle had been examined, mathematical model had been formed, MATLAB Simulink interface had been created to analyze the behavior of the rail vehicle for validation of the electrical model. Finally, in order to make an experimental comparison of the theory of electrical-mechanical analogy, which was theoretically verified, both mechanically and electrically experimented three times on the rail vehicle model with two degrees of freedom and the signals were compared with the theoretical data."
Nowadays, studies to determine the dynamic behavior of rail vehicles are continuing rapidly. Scientists are developing different theories of wheel-rail interaction to increase rail vehicles to very high speeds. By these developed theories, the contact area formed between the wheel and the rail can be defined, the contact forces can be calculated, and the forces generated on the rail vehicle can be determined. In addition, it continues to be developed in the field of testing the rail roughness, which significantly affects passenger comfort, in real-time dynamic testing units in different simulation environments. In the study, electrical equivalent circuit of the dynamic rail vehicle test units, which require design, production and installation of excessive cost, was obtained in the experimental environment and the simulation results in real time and different rail conditions were obtained. In the first stage, a simple mass-spring-damper system was examined. Using Newton's second law of motion, the free body diagram of this system was constituted, and equations of motion were obtained. Then, mechanical and equivalent electrical circuit was formed. Finally, the transfer function and Simulink model of the system had been obtained and the Simulink model, transfer function and electrical circuit had been compared each other in computer environment. The same analyzes were carried out for the passive suspension system, two degree of freedom rail vehicle model and five degree of freedom bogie model. Then, ten degree of freedom half-rail vehicle had been examined, mathematical model had been formed, MATLAB Simulink interface had been created to analyze the behavior of the rail vehicle for validation of the electrical model. Finally, in order to make an experimental comparison of the theory of electrical-mechanical analogy, which was theoretically verified, both mechanically and electrically experimented three times on the rail vehicle model with two degrees of freedom and the signals were compared with the theoretical data."
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Elektrik-mekanik analoji, eşdeğer elektrik devre, titreşim, modelleme, simülasyon, raylı araç, süspansiyon., Electro-mechanical analogy, equivalent electrical circuit, vibration, modeling, simulation, rail vehicle, suspension.