ŞERİAT'TA PEÇENİN HÜKMÜ VE ÖRFÜN ONU NE ÖLÇÜDE ETKİLEDİĞİ
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2022-11-25
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info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Örfün, peçenin şer`î hükmü üzerindeki etkisinin açıklanmasına ve alimlerin bu konuda tercih ettikleri görüşün bilinmesine acil bir ihtiyaç vardır. Çünkü örf Kur’an ve sünnet nassıyla çelişmediği sürece şer`î bir delil sayılmıştır. Peçe konusu son zamanlarda çok tartışılan konulardan olmuştur. Gelenekçi ve modernist fıkıhçılar peçenin vucûbiyeti yahut müstehaplığı konusunda farklı görüşlere sahiptirler. Bu nedenle çalışmamızda peçenin şer`î bir unsur sayılmasında örfün etkisine ve dört mezhep imamının sundukları deliller de dikkate alınarak bu konuda verdikleri hükümlere odaklanılmıştır. Bu incelemelerin ardından içinde yaşadığımız çağın ruhuna en uygun görüş belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Çalışmada tümevarım yöntemi, analitik yöntem ve karşılaştırma yöntemi takip edilmiştir. Tümevarım yöntemi kapsamında peçe konusunda derinlemesine çalışan alimlerin içtihatlarından öne çıkanlar tespit edilip açıklanmış, sonra savundukları görüş çerçevesinde öne sürdükleri deliller belirtilmiştir. Analitik yöntemde ise farklı görüşler ve deliller tahlil edilmiş, bu delillerle istidlal çeşitleri açıklanmıştır. Karşılaştırma metodu ise, zikredilen delillerin arasından tercihe şayan ve en doğru olanı tespit etmek için birbirleriyle karşılaştırılması şeklinde uygulanmıştır. Çalışmada ulaşılan sonuçlardan en önemlileri şunlardır: Sahih örf, şer`î amelî hükümlerin çoğunda delil sayılmıştır. Çünkü “zamanın değişmesiyle ahkâmın değişmesi inkâr edilmez” kaidesine muvafık olarak şer`î hükümlerin istinbat edilmesinde, insanların dönemden döneme ve mekandan mekana değişen örf ve adetlerinin etkisi vardır. Ulaştığımız diğer bir sonuca göre alimlerin çoğu kadının yüzünün ve ellerinin avret olmadığı görüşünü tercih etmektedir. Bu görüşü savunanların delilleri muhaliflerinin delillerinden çok daha güçlüdür. Ayrıca bu görüşte, çağın sıkıntılarına karşı inancı ve tesettürüyle mücadele etmekte olan Müslüman kadın için bir kolaylık vardır. Bundan ötürü, özellikle fitneden korunabiliyorsa, peçenin vacip olmadığını söylemek kadını herhangi bir sıkıntıya sokmaz.
The importance of this topic lies in the urgent need to clarify the impact of custom on the Islamic ruling in the veil (Niqab), and to know the most correct opinion of the Islamic scholars regarding it; because custom is a considerable legal evidence for them, as long as it does not conflict a text from the Qur’an and Sunnah, as the subject of the veil (Niqab) is one of the topics that have been brought up recently for a lot of discussion, as the jurists differ in its obligatory or its desirability, ancient and modern; therefore, my research focused on the effect of custom on the legality of the veil (niqab), and its ruling according to the four madhabs imams, by previewing their evidence, then weighing them; in order to reach what fits with the essence of our age in which we live. I have followed in my research the inductive, analytical, and comparative method, as for the inductive method, it was appeared in extrapolating the opinions of the scholars who delved into the topic of the veil (niqab), and clarifying its ruling, and then narrating the evidence they provided to infer what they went to in this regard, as for the analytical method, it is appeared in the analysis of sayings and evidence, and clarifying the aspects of inference with them, and as for the comparative method, it is by comparing these evidences with each other, and weighing them, in order to reach to the most correct and accurate ones. The research has reached important results, such: The correct custom is an evidence in many practical Sharia rulings; because it has an effect on deducing Sharia rulings that change according to people’s customs from one era to another, and from one place to another according to the fundamentalist rule: (The change of rulings with the change of times is not denied), one more result is also that the most correct of the sayings of most scholars is that a woman’s face and hands are not Awrah; due to the strength of their evidences in contrast to the weakness of their opponents evidences, in addition to the facilitation in this opinion in our era which the Muslim woman is fighting over her creed and her veil; therefore, saying that the niqab is not obligatory was easier for her, especially if she has secured from temptation."
The importance of this topic lies in the urgent need to clarify the impact of custom on the Islamic ruling in the veil (Niqab), and to know the most correct opinion of the Islamic scholars regarding it; because custom is a considerable legal evidence for them, as long as it does not conflict a text from the Qur’an and Sunnah, as the subject of the veil (Niqab) is one of the topics that have been brought up recently for a lot of discussion, as the jurists differ in its obligatory or its desirability, ancient and modern; therefore, my research focused on the effect of custom on the legality of the veil (niqab), and its ruling according to the four madhabs imams, by previewing their evidence, then weighing them; in order to reach what fits with the essence of our age in which we live. I have followed in my research the inductive, analytical, and comparative method, as for the inductive method, it was appeared in extrapolating the opinions of the scholars who delved into the topic of the veil (niqab), and clarifying its ruling, and then narrating the evidence they provided to infer what they went to in this regard, as for the analytical method, it is appeared in the analysis of sayings and evidence, and clarifying the aspects of inference with them, and as for the comparative method, it is by comparing these evidences with each other, and weighing them, in order to reach to the most correct and accurate ones. The research has reached important results, such: The correct custom is an evidence in many practical Sharia rulings; because it has an effect on deducing Sharia rulings that change according to people’s customs from one era to another, and from one place to another according to the fundamentalist rule: (The change of rulings with the change of times is not denied), one more result is also that the most correct of the sayings of most scholars is that a woman’s face and hands are not Awrah; due to the strength of their evidences in contrast to the weakness of their opponents evidences, in addition to the facilitation in this opinion in our era which the Muslim woman is fighting over her creed and her veil; therefore, saying that the niqab is not obligatory was easier for her, especially if she has secured from temptation."
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Peçe Hükmü, Tesettür, Örfün Delilliği, Avret, Gelenek, the rule of the niqab - the veil - the custom's veracity - the awrah - the habit..
