İran’ da Kadın Olmak: Kadınların Sosyal Hakları
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2024-04-05
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info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
I?ranlı kadınların sosyal hakları, devrim öncesi ve devrim sonrası dönemler arasında o?nemli değişikliklere uğramıştır. Devrim o?ncesi do?nemde, S?ah Muhammed Rıza Pehlevi’nin yo?netimi altında kadınlar, oy hakkı gibi sınırlı haklar elde etmiş ve eg?itim ile is? gu?cu?ne eris?imleri genişlemiştir. Ancak 1979 I?slam Devrimi sonrasında kadın hakları bu?yu?k o?lc?u?de kısıtlanmış; zorunlu o?rtu?nme (hijab) uygulaması getirilmiş ve geleneksel cinsiyet rollerine do?nu?s? yas?anmıştır. Bu tez çalışması, I?ranlı kadınların sosyal haklarının evrimini vurgulayarak, iki do?nem arasında eg?itim ve is? fırsatlarını, giyim kurallarını, siyasi katılımı ve cinsiyet rollerindeki değişimi karşılaştırmaktadır. Devrim, kadın haklarında bir gerilemeye yol ac?mış, toplumsal ve siyasi katılımlarını sınırlamıştır. Ancak bu durumun zaman ic?inde toplumsal ve siyasi dinamiklerin evrimi nedeniyle deg?is?ebileceg?ini belirtmek o?nemlidir. Devrim o?ncesi do?nemde, 20. yu?zyılın ortalarında S?ah Muhammed Rıza Pehlevi’nin yo?netimi altında, I?ranlı kadınlar belirli sosyal haklara kavus?muştur. Bu do?nemde kadınlar, oy hakkı gibi bazı temel haklara sahip olmuştur. Eg?itim ve is? gu?cu?ne katılım konusunda da belirli gelis?meler yas?anmıştır. O?zellikle bu?yu?k s?ehirlerde, kadınların eg?itim ve is? fırsatları genis?lemiştir. Ancak, kırsal bo?lgelerde ve geleneksel topluluklarda, kadınların yas?adıg?ı sorunlar devam etmiştir. 1979 I?slam Devrimi sonrasında ise I?ran’da radikal deg?is?iklikler yas?anmıştır. I?slam Devrimi’nin liderleri, I?slam’a dayalı bir toplum modeli olus?turmayı amac?lamışlardır. Bu bag?lamda, kadınların giyim tarzlarına ve davranıs?larına yo?nelik sıkı kurallar getirilmiştir. Zorunlu o?rtu?nme (hijab) uygulaması bas?latılmış ve geleneksel I?slam normlarına uygun olarak cinsiyet rolleri belirlenmiştir. Kadınların siyasi katılımları sınırlanmış ve toplum ic?indeki rolleri daha geleneksel bir c?erc?eveye oturtulmuştur. Bu deg?is?iklikler, birc?ok kadın ic?in bu?yu?k bir kısıtlama ve gerileme anlamına gelmektedir. Ancak zaman ic?inde, o?zellikle genc? kuşaklarda, bu kısıtlamalara kars?ı tepkiler artmıştır. Bazı kadınlar, daha fazla eg?itim ve is? fırsatlarına eris?im ic?in mu?cadele etmiş ve toplumsal deg?is?im talepleriyle ortaya çıkmışlardır. Sonuc? olarak, I?ranlı kadınların sosyal haklarındaki evrim, devrim o?ncesi ve sonrası dönem kıyaslandığında bu?yu?k farklar yaşamıştır. Ancak bu su?rec? karmas?ık ve c?ok yo?nlu?du?r. C?u?nku? toplumun farklı kesimleri arasında tutarsızlıklar ve c?atıs?malar yas?anmıs?tır. I?ran’da kadın hakları, toplumun evrimi, siyasi durum ve uluslararası etkiles?imler gibi birçok faktörün etkisi altında şekillenmiştir. ?
Irandan women’s social rights have undergone significant changes between the pre- revolutionary and post-revolutionary periods. In the pre-revolutionary period, under the rule of Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, women gained limited rights, such as the right to vote, and their access to education and the workforce expanded. However, after the 1979 Islamic Revolution, women’s rights were greatly restricted; Compulsory veiling (hijab) was introduced and there was a return to traditional gender roles. This thesis highlights the evolution of Iranian women’s social rights, comparing educational and job opportunities, dress codes, political participation, and changes in gender roles between the two periods. The revolution led to a decline in women’s rights; limited their social and political participation. However, it is important to note that this situation may change over time due to the evolution of social and political dynamics. In the pre-revolutionary period, under the rule of Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi in the mid-20th century, Iranian women gained certain social rights. During this period, women gained some basic rights such as the right to vote. There have also been certain developments in education and workforce participation. Educational and job opportunities for women have expanded, especially in big cities. However, in rural areas and traditional communities, problems experienced by women continued. After the 1979 Islamic Revolution, radical changes took place in Iran. The leaders of the Islamic Revolution aimed to create a model of society based on Islam. In this context, strict rules were introduced regarding women’s clothing style and behavior. Compulsory veiling (hijab) was introduced and gender roles were determined in accordance with traditional Islamic norms. Women’s political participation was limited and their roles in society were framed more traditionally. These changes meant great restriction and setback for many women. However, over time, reactions against these restrictions increased, especially among the younger generations. Some women fought for access to greater education and job opportunities, and came forward with demands for social change. As a result, the evolution of Iranian women’s social rights has undergone major changes before and after the revolution. However, this process was complex and multifaceted, as there were inconsistencies and conflicts between different segments of society. Women’s rights in Iran have been shaped under the influence of many factors such as the evolution of society, the political situation and internationalinteractions."
Irandan women’s social rights have undergone significant changes between the pre- revolutionary and post-revolutionary periods. In the pre-revolutionary period, under the rule of Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, women gained limited rights, such as the right to vote, and their access to education and the workforce expanded. However, after the 1979 Islamic Revolution, women’s rights were greatly restricted; Compulsory veiling (hijab) was introduced and there was a return to traditional gender roles. This thesis highlights the evolution of Iranian women’s social rights, comparing educational and job opportunities, dress codes, political participation, and changes in gender roles between the two periods. The revolution led to a decline in women’s rights; limited their social and political participation. However, it is important to note that this situation may change over time due to the evolution of social and political dynamics. In the pre-revolutionary period, under the rule of Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi in the mid-20th century, Iranian women gained certain social rights. During this period, women gained some basic rights such as the right to vote. There have also been certain developments in education and workforce participation. Educational and job opportunities for women have expanded, especially in big cities. However, in rural areas and traditional communities, problems experienced by women continued. After the 1979 Islamic Revolution, radical changes took place in Iran. The leaders of the Islamic Revolution aimed to create a model of society based on Islam. In this context, strict rules were introduced regarding women’s clothing style and behavior. Compulsory veiling (hijab) was introduced and gender roles were determined in accordance with traditional Islamic norms. Women’s political participation was limited and their roles in society were framed more traditionally. These changes meant great restriction and setback for many women. However, over time, reactions against these restrictions increased, especially among the younger generations. Some women fought for access to greater education and job opportunities, and came forward with demands for social change. As a result, the evolution of Iranian women’s social rights has undergone major changes before and after the revolution. However, this process was complex and multifaceted, as there were inconsistencies and conflicts between different segments of society. Women’s rights in Iran have been shaped under the influence of many factors such as the evolution of society, the political situation and internationalinteractions."
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
İran, İslam Devrimi, İran’da Kadın Hakları, Şah Dönemi, İran Devrimi, Iranian, Islamic Revolution, Women’s Rights in Iran, Shah Era, Iranian Revolution
