Türk sosyolojisinde çağdaş bir öncül olarak Nilüfer Göle ve sosyolojisi
Küçük Resim Yok
Tarih
2019
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Karabük Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Türk Sosyolojisi?nde farklı bir tavır geli?tiren ve çağda? öncüllerden biri olan Nilüfer Göle?nin ilk olarak hayatı kaleme alınmı?tır. Hayatının ilk dönemini Türkiye?de geçiren Göle, sosyolojik bakı? açısına sahip olabilmenin gerekli tecrübelerine bu dönemde ?ahit olmu?tur. Türkiye?nin tek parti dönemi ve darbelere ?ahitlik eden Göle, cumhuriyet seçkini olan bir aileye sahiptir. Özgürlüğe ve kadın haklarına önem atfettiği için eğitim hayatına Fransa?da devam eden Göle, doktora sürecinde danı?manı olan Alain Touraine ile çalı?ma ?ansı bulmu?tur. Toplumsal yapıya habitus olarak bakma dü?üncesi bu dönemde ortaya çıkmı?tır. Göle?nin batıdı?ı modernite ve çoğulcu moderniteye ait dü?ünceleri bu dönemde ortaya çıkmı?tır. Göle?nin daha kolay anla?ılabilmesi adına birinci bölümün sonunda dokuz temel eser ele alınmı?tır. Bu dokuz eserden ikisi röportaj, ikisi sosyoloji üzerine saha çalı?ması, biri farklı ba?lıklardan olu?an derleme ve dördü ise Göle?nin sosyolojik eğilimlerini anlatan makalelerdir. Çalı?manın bu kısmı "Türk Sosyolojisi?nde Nilüfer Göle?ye Giden Yolu" daha anla?ılır hale getirecektir. Bu çalı?manın ikinci bölümünde Batı?ya öykünen Doğu toplumlarının ortaya çıkan temel referanslar, hem Batı?nın hem de Doğu?nun sosyolojik tavrı ile açıklanmaya çalı?ılmı?tır. Bu konuda Türk sosyolojisinin önemli isimlerinden birisi olarak görülen Nilüfer Göle?nin Batıdı?ı modernle?me ve Türk toplumunun modernle?mesi üzerine yazılarının ve söylemlerinin değerlendirilmesi de yapılmı?tır. Ara?tırmada Nilüfer Göle?nin temel olarak kullandığı dört kavram tezin çıkı? noktası olmu?tur. Modernizm, Kemalizm, ?slamcılık ve Feminizm kavramları anla?ılmadan Türk toplumunun anla?ılamayacağını iddia eden Göle, bu kavramlar üzerine Türk sosyolojisine çizdiği çerçeve ele alınmı?tır. Bu bakı? açısı üzerine Türkiye Cumhuriyeti?nin kurulu? sürecinde Türk ulusunun in?a süreci ve sonrasında ortaya çıkan zayıf tarihselliğin temel dayanakları determinist bir anlayı?la açıklanmı?tır. "Batı?nın Gölgesinde Modernle?en Türkiye" ba?lıklı bölümde Türkiye Cumhuriyeti?nin Ziya Gökalp?in "Türkle?me, ?slamla?ma ve Muasırla?ma" üzerine in?a edildiğini ve bu durumun doğru bir izahının yapılabilmesi için toplumda var olan kadın faktörünün sağlık bir biçimde ele alınması gerektiğini dile getirmektedir. Mevcut durumun değerlendirmesinde tarihsel sürecinin ihmal 9 edilmemesi de gerekliydi. Bundan dolayı ?kinci Viyana Ku?atması sonrası ortaya çıkan yeni süreç olarak ele alındı. Göle?nin yazılarında ve söylemlerinde dile getirdiği bu dü?ünceler göz önünde bulundurularak Kemalist ve ?slamcı yapının tarihsel dönü?ümünde nasıl bir yer tuttuğuna yer verilmi?tir. Nilüfer Göle?ye göre bu dönü?üm batı orjinli olan ?slamcılar?ın kamusal alanda görünürlük kazanmasını sağlayan tarihsel süreci doğurmaktadır. Cumhuriyet tarihimizde Kemalist reformlara refleks geli?tiren ?slamcılar, modernle?menin kar?ıtı olmadan modernle?meye kar?ı pozisyonlarını aldı. Göle?de Türk modernle?mesi olarak açılan ba?lıkta ise Anadolu coğrafyasında görülen batıdı?ı modernle?me kaygısı (zayıf tarihsellik) ?u olgularla ele alınmı?tır: Bugünün var olamaması, Doktrin fazlalığı ve tek aktör patolojisi. Göle?ye göre olgular yeni Türk devletinin in?a sürecini ve insanlık medeniyetindeki yerinin yeniden belirleyicisi olmu?tur. Batı?nın güncel sorunlara küresel manada ortaya koyduğu çıkı? yollarının Türkiye?de uygulanabilirliği, doğurduğu temel problemleri ve ?slamcılar üzerindeki tezahürleri son bölümde ele alınmı?tır. Bu bölüm üç ba?lık altında olu?turulmu?tur: Türkiye Cumhuriyeti?nin ?n?ası, Doktrin Fazlalığı: 80 Sonrası Politik Kültür ve Yükselen Değerler, AK Parti(2002-2019) ve Toplumsal Dönü?üm. Türkiye Cumhuriyeti?nin ?n?ası, Türk milletine kolektif bir kimlik kazandırmak adına ortaya çıkan reformist eylem olduğu anla?ılmaktadır. Temel hedefin muasır medeniyet seviyesi olarak belirlenen Türk toplumu, demokrasi yolunda sıkı?tırılmı? alanlarda kamusal görünürlüklerini sergilemektedir. Kadının bayrakla?tırıldığı ve ?slamcı hareketlerin dizayn edildiği kurulu? sonrası süreç dönemsel olarak alınmı?tır. Göle?ye göre zayıf tarihselliğin ortaya çıktığı bu süreçte feministler ve ?slamcılar kamusal görünürlüklerini en güçlü bir ?ekilde ya?adı. Göle?nin dü?ünceleri ı?ığında ?slamcılık açıklanarak toplumsal dönü?üme olan etkisi açıklandı. Modernle?mekte olan Türkiye, demokrasiye yönelik adımlarını ?slamcı hareketin bir yüzü olan AK Parti ile gerçekle?tirdi. ?kinci Viyana Ku?atması sonrası Batı?ya dönük olan yüzünü vesayetten kurtarabilmek adına ekonomi, sanayi, eğitim, hukuk, sağlık ve bir çok alanda yenilikler yapıldı. Bu yenilikler Göle?ye göre ?slamcılar?ın içinde bulunduğu yeni bir orta sınıfı çıkardı. Zayıf tarihsellik kavramı üzerinden bu yeni orta sınıfın toplumsal dönü?ümde olan rolü ele alınmı?tır. Gelinen noktada görülmektedir ki; ?slamcı hareket, bürokrasinin merkezine yerle?tiği zaman devlet aygıtına nasıl hakim 10 olunabileceğini öğrenmi?tir. Bu bölümün sonunda ise ?slamcı harekete ait değerlerin nasıl araçsalla?tığı anlatılmı?tır. Bu çalı?mada Nilüfer Göle?nin eserleri ve söylemlerinde önem atfettiği kavramların yeniden gözden geçirilerek Cumhuriyet?in kurulu? sürecinden bugüne kadar ya?anmı? tarihsel sürece yeni bir bakı? açısı getirmeye çalı?ılmı?tır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Nilüfer Göle, Modernle?me, Feminizm, ?slamcılık, Kemalizm.
Nilüfer Göle, one of the contemporary pioneers who developed a different attitude in Turkish sociology, first wrote his life. Lake spent the early years of life in Turkey, the necessary experience of being able to have a sociological perspective has witnessed during this period. Turkey's single-party period and Lake who witnessed the coup, the republic has a family that elite. Göle, who continued her education in France because she attaches importance to freedom and women's rights, had the chance to work with her advisor Alain Touraine during her PhD. The idea of looking at the social structure as a habitus emerged in this period. It was during this period that Lake's ideas of non-western modernity and pluralist modernity emerged. In order to make the lake easier to understand, at the end of the first chapter, nine basic works have been discussed. Two of these nine works are interviews, two are field studies on sociology, one is a collection of different titles and four are articles on Göle's sociological tendencies. This part of the study will make "The Path to Nilüfer Göle in Turkish Sociology" more understandable.In the second part of this study, the main references of the Eastern societies emulating the West are tried to be explained by the sociological attitude of both the West and the East. In this regard, Nilüfer Göle, who is considered as one of the important names of Turkish sociology, has been evaluated on the writings and discourses of non-Western modernization and modernization of Turkish society. The four concepts used by Nilüfer Göle as the basis of the research have been the starting point of the thesis. Göle, who claims that Turkish society cannot be understood without understanding the concepts of Modernism, Kemalism, Islamism and Feminism, and the framework he drew on Turkish sociology on these concepts are discussed. This view angle in the founding of the Republic of Turkey on the Turkish nation-building process and the fundamental bases of the historicity of the poor in the aftermath of a deterministic approach is explained. "West of the shadow of modernization of Turkey" in the section entitled Republic of Turkey Ziya Gokalp's "Turkicization, Islamization and Becoming" brings on the built and the existing female factor in society to be able to make the correct explanation in this case health in a way wished that need to be addressed. 12 In the evaluation of the current situation, it was also necessary not to neglect the historical process. Therefore, it was considered as the new process that emerged after the Second Siege of Vienna. Taking into consideration these ideas expressed by Göle in his writings and discourses, the place he occupies in the historical transformation of the Kemalist and Islamist structure is mentioned. According to Nilüfer Göle, this transformation leads to the historical process that allowed the Islamists of western origin to gain visibility in the public sphere. Islamists who developed reflexes to Kemalist reforms in our Republican history took their positions against modernization without being opposed to modernization. In the title of Turkish modernization in the lake, the concern of non-western modernization (weak historicality) seen in Anatolian geography is discussed with the following facts: Existence of today, Excess Doctrine and single actor pathology. According to Göle, the facts were the determinants of the construction process of the new Turkish state and its place in human civilization. applicability in Turkey puts it way out of the current problems in the global sense, the West, and the manifestation of the fundamental problems posed by Islamists on are discussed in the last section. This section was created under three headings: Construction of the Republic of Turkey, Doctrine Redundancy: 80 After Rising Political Culture and Values, the AK Party (2002-2019) and Social Transformation. Construction of the Republic of Turkey, it is understood that the reformist action to provide a collective identity in the name of the Turkish nation. Turkish society, which is determined as the basic civilization level of the main objective, demonstrates its public visibility in the compressed spaces towards democracy. The post-foundation period in which women were flagged and Islamist movements were designed was taken periodically. According to the lake, feminists and Islamists experienced their public visibility in the most powerful way in this process of weak historicality. Islamism was explained in the light of Göle's thoughts and its impact on social transformation was explained. which is modernizing Turkey, the Islamist movement steps towards democracy made a face with the AK Party. After the Second Siege of Vienna, innovations were made in economy, industry, education, law, health and many other areas in order to save the face of the West from tutelage. According to Göle, these innovations led to a 13 new middle class of Islamists. The role of this new middle class in social transformation is discussed through the concept of weak historicality. It is seen that the point reached; When the Islamist movement settled in the center of the bureaucracy, it learned how to control the state apparatus. At the end of this section, the values of the Islamist movement Keywords: Nilüfer Göle, Modernization, Feminism, Islamism, Kemalism.
Nilüfer Göle, one of the contemporary pioneers who developed a different attitude in Turkish sociology, first wrote his life. Lake spent the early years of life in Turkey, the necessary experience of being able to have a sociological perspective has witnessed during this period. Turkey's single-party period and Lake who witnessed the coup, the republic has a family that elite. Göle, who continued her education in France because she attaches importance to freedom and women's rights, had the chance to work with her advisor Alain Touraine during her PhD. The idea of looking at the social structure as a habitus emerged in this period. It was during this period that Lake's ideas of non-western modernity and pluralist modernity emerged. In order to make the lake easier to understand, at the end of the first chapter, nine basic works have been discussed. Two of these nine works are interviews, two are field studies on sociology, one is a collection of different titles and four are articles on Göle's sociological tendencies. This part of the study will make "The Path to Nilüfer Göle in Turkish Sociology" more understandable.In the second part of this study, the main references of the Eastern societies emulating the West are tried to be explained by the sociological attitude of both the West and the East. In this regard, Nilüfer Göle, who is considered as one of the important names of Turkish sociology, has been evaluated on the writings and discourses of non-Western modernization and modernization of Turkish society. The four concepts used by Nilüfer Göle as the basis of the research have been the starting point of the thesis. Göle, who claims that Turkish society cannot be understood without understanding the concepts of Modernism, Kemalism, Islamism and Feminism, and the framework he drew on Turkish sociology on these concepts are discussed. This view angle in the founding of the Republic of Turkey on the Turkish nation-building process and the fundamental bases of the historicity of the poor in the aftermath of a deterministic approach is explained. "West of the shadow of modernization of Turkey" in the section entitled Republic of Turkey Ziya Gokalp's "Turkicization, Islamization and Becoming" brings on the built and the existing female factor in society to be able to make the correct explanation in this case health in a way wished that need to be addressed. 12 In the evaluation of the current situation, it was also necessary not to neglect the historical process. Therefore, it was considered as the new process that emerged after the Second Siege of Vienna. Taking into consideration these ideas expressed by Göle in his writings and discourses, the place he occupies in the historical transformation of the Kemalist and Islamist structure is mentioned. According to Nilüfer Göle, this transformation leads to the historical process that allowed the Islamists of western origin to gain visibility in the public sphere. Islamists who developed reflexes to Kemalist reforms in our Republican history took their positions against modernization without being opposed to modernization. In the title of Turkish modernization in the lake, the concern of non-western modernization (weak historicality) seen in Anatolian geography is discussed with the following facts: Existence of today, Excess Doctrine and single actor pathology. According to Göle, the facts were the determinants of the construction process of the new Turkish state and its place in human civilization. applicability in Turkey puts it way out of the current problems in the global sense, the West, and the manifestation of the fundamental problems posed by Islamists on are discussed in the last section. This section was created under three headings: Construction of the Republic of Turkey, Doctrine Redundancy: 80 After Rising Political Culture and Values, the AK Party (2002-2019) and Social Transformation. Construction of the Republic of Turkey, it is understood that the reformist action to provide a collective identity in the name of the Turkish nation. Turkish society, which is determined as the basic civilization level of the main objective, demonstrates its public visibility in the compressed spaces towards democracy. The post-foundation period in which women were flagged and Islamist movements were designed was taken periodically. According to the lake, feminists and Islamists experienced their public visibility in the most powerful way in this process of weak historicality. Islamism was explained in the light of Göle's thoughts and its impact on social transformation was explained. which is modernizing Turkey, the Islamist movement steps towards democracy made a face with the AK Party. After the Second Siege of Vienna, innovations were made in economy, industry, education, law, health and many other areas in order to save the face of the West from tutelage. According to Göle, these innovations led to a 13 new middle class of Islamists. The role of this new middle class in social transformation is discussed through the concept of weak historicality. It is seen that the point reached; When the Islamist movement settled in the center of the bureaucracy, it learned how to control the state apparatus. At the end of this section, the values of the Islamist movement Keywords: Nilüfer Göle, Modernization, Feminism, Islamism, Kemalism.
Açıklama
Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Sosyoloji Ana Bilim Dalı
Anahtar Kelimeler
Sosyoloji, Sociology
