Yildirim, FurkanGuerdal, Mehmet2024-09-292024-09-2920240142-727X1879-2278https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2024.109447https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14619/4717The primary objective of this investigation is to assess the impact of vortex generator geometry and nanofluid on thermohydraulic and irreversibility characteristics within a laminar flow regime. The study introduces an original CoFe 2 O 4/ H 2 O (1 % vol.) nanofluid and employs a wave tape insert to induce forced convection in a tube, accompanied by first and second-law thermodynamic analysis. The novelty of this research lies in the numerical exploration of heat transfer and flow profiles for a nanofluid in a tube, varying the wave rate (y = 4-5-6). The investigation considers the laminar model and single-phase approach in all analyses under constant heat flux (q = 2000 W/m 2 ). The study observed that the nanofluid flowing in the tube with a wave ratio of 4, 5, and 6 resulted in an average enhancement in the Nusselt number of 93.25 %, 86.26 %, and 80.06 %, respectively. The optimal performance evaluation criterion (PEC) for water flowing in the tube with a wave ratio of 6 at Re = 500 exhibited an increase of 11.0 %, whereas the CoFe 2 O 4 /H 2 O flow showed a 9.14 % increment in the average PEC along the Reynolds number. Moreover, the total entropy generation values for water flowing in tubes with wave ratios of 5, 6, and 4 exhibited increases of 101.88 %, 94.66 %, and 51.34 %, respectively, in comparison to the smooth tube.eninfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccessForced convection heat transferWavy tape insertCoFe 2 O 4 /water nanofluidEntropy generationArticle10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2024.1094472-s2.0-85195064553Q1108WOS:001250269000001N/A