Khaleel, M.Yusupov, Z.Ahmed, A.Alsharif, A.Nassar, Y.El-Khozondar, H.2024-09-292024-09-2920230003-701Xhttps://doi.org/10.3103/S0003701X23600704https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14619/9025Abstract: The ongoing evolution of civilization is indelibly marked by our proficiency in harnessing energy beyond mere human and animal labor. The advent of successive industrial and agricultural revolutions has enabled a growing segment of the global populace to enjoy the comforts of heated and illuminated homes, the bountiful yields of fertilized and irrigated crops, the connectedness facilitated by technology, and the accessibility of far-reaching travel. These milestones of progress are driven by our ever-expanding ability to locate, extract, and utilize energy with ever-greater mastery. Advances in materials science hold the key to a sustainable future, characterized by clean energy generation, transmission, and distribution, the effective storage of electrical and chemical energy, enhanced energy efficiency, and more sophisticated energy management systems. © 2023, Allerton Press, Inc.eninfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccesshybrid renewable energyrenewable energysmart gridzero emissionArticle10.3103/S0003701X236007042-s2.0-851824028685674Q355759