Durmaz, HasanSimsir, Hamza2025-03-062025-03-062025-01-07Hasan Durmaz & Hamza Simsir (2025) Hydrothermal carbonization of citrus peels and their electrochemical efficacy in double-layer supercapacitors, Fullerenes, Nanotubes and Carbon Nanostructures, DOI: 10.1080/1536383X.2025.24500211536-383X1536-4046https://doi.org/10.1080/1536383X.2025.2450021https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14619/15125The authors express gratitude to Karabuk University, BAP Office for financial assistance under project number KBUBAP-23-YL-039. Yazarlar, KBUBAP-23-YL-039 proje numarası kapsamında verdikleri mali destek için Karabük Üniversitesi BAP Ofisi’ne şükranlarını sunarlar.This work involved the fabrication of supercapacitors with rapid charge/discharge rates using waste biomass. Initially, hydrochars were produced using the hydrothermal carbonization of four distinct citrus peels. Subsequently, physical, acidic, and basic activation was employed to enhance surface area and induce porosity. They were analyzed using elemental analysis, FTIR spectroscopy, and SEM examination. The electrochemical performance of the electrodes was assessed using galvanostatic charge-discharge and cyclic voltammetry techniques. The maximum specific capacity recorded was 65.1 mF/cm2 at a current rate of 0.50 mA for the electrode produced through potassium hydroxide activation and calcination. Consequently, it was demonstrated that supercapacitors with comparable specific capacity values may be fabricated from these waste orange peels.eninfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccessactivationBiomasselectrodehydrocharsupercapacitorJournal10.1080/1536383X.2025.24500212-s2.0-852144150918Q21WOS:001391828100001Q3