Vaydogan, Kubra GunduzKol, Hamiyet Sahin2024-09-292024-09-2920241930-2126https://doi.org/10.15376/biores.19.1.1229-1244https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14619/6764Microwave (MW) treatment is an environmentally friendly and time -saving technique with great potential for generating wood -impregnation innovations. In this study, a microwave -assisted impregnation (MWAI) approach was developed to achieve adequate retention and fixing of alkaline copper quaternary (ACQ) in refractory spruce wood. The synergistic effect of MW pre- and post -treatments in the impregnation procedure on wood's compressive strength (CS) and copper leaching resistance and valence conversion was investigated. In conclusion, highintensity MW pre-treatment and low -intensity MW post -treatment provided optimum results for the fixation of copper. Based on the results of the copper conversion assays, the same MWAI procedure is also predicted to give high biological efficiency.eninfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessSpruceACQMicrowaveFixationLeaching resistanceArticle10.15376/biores.19.1.1229-12442-s2.0-851822037171Q319WOS:001179547600023N/A