Abujazar, Mohammed Shadi S.Karaagac, Sakine UgurluRamadan, HamzaAbu Amr, Salem S.Alazaiza, Motasem Y. D.2024-09-292024-09-2920221944-39941944-3986https://doi.org/10.5004/dwt.2022.28749https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14619/7674Utilization of pinecone powder as a plant-based natural coagulant for the treatment of iron and steel factory effluent was examined. The concentrations of chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids (TSS), ammonia-nitrogen (NH3-N), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), aluminum (Al), and nickel (Ni) in effluent wastewater were investigated. Results showed that the maximal removal of COD, TSS, NH3-N, Mn, Fe, Zn, Al, and Ni using pinecone powder were 83.3%, 99%, 83.9%, 86.8%, 93.7%, 89.7%, 73.7%, and 86.7%, respectively for effluent at natural pH 8 using a dosage of 3 g/L. The Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy result showed the existence of various functional groups involved in the coagulation process. Overall, this study shows that pinecone powder has enormous promise as a natural coagulant for water treatment and it could be utilized to treat effluent from iron and steel plants.eninfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccessNatural coagulantIndustrialWastewaterRemovalHeavy metalsArticle10.5004/dwt.2022.287492-s2.0-8513962483564Q357269WOS:000888150600005N/A