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Öğe Assessing the Viability of Solar and Wind Energy Technologies in Semi-Arid and Arid Regions: A Case Study of Libya’s Climatic Conditions(Pleiades Publishing, 2024) Nassar, Y.F.; El-Khozondar, H.J.; Alatrash, A.A.; Ahmed, B.A.; Elzer, R.S.; Ahmed, A.A.; Imbayah, I.I.Abstract: Libya has a wide range of temperatures and topographies, making it a promising place to use wind and solar energy. This research evaluated many technologies available in the global market, including wind energy, concentrated solar power (CSP), and photovoltaic (PV) solar, with the goal of localizing the renewable energy business. The aim was to optimize the advantages of employing locally accessible renewable resources while guaranteeing their suitability for the diverse climatic circumstances found throughout the nation. Twelve carefully chosen locations in Libya were used to assess the performance of 67 PV solar modules, 47 inverters, five different types of CPS, and 17 wind turbines using the System Advisor Model (SAM) dynamic simulation tool. The simulations employed 15-minute time series of climate data from the SolarGis platform for a 13-year timeframe (January 1, 2007–June 30, 2020). The standard used to determine which technology was best suited for each site was the Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE). The findings showed that solar and wind energy (PV and CSP) could significantly meet the examined areas’ demand for electrical energy. In contrast to wind energy, which had an LCOE ranging from 1.5 to 5.9 ¢/kWh, PV solar technology had an LCOE between 5.2 and 6.4 ¢/kWh. On the other hand, systems utilizing concentrated solar energy showed comparatively higher levels of life cycle costs; the heliostat field had the lowest, at 8.0 ¢/kWh. The research findings offer significant perspectives to engineers, planners, and decision-makers, enabling well-informed choices on the advancement and funding of renewable energy initiatives in Libya. The analysis concludes that wind energy is the most economically advantageous investment choice in the Libyan energy market, in contrast to the industry’s predominate concentration on PV solar systems. Environmentally speaking, building a 1000 MW renewable power plant with a 40% capacity factor will reduce CO2 emissions by 3.82 million tons, saving $286.5 million in carbon taxes annually. © Allerton Press, Inc. 2024. ISSN 0003-701X, Applied Solar Energy, 2024, Vol. 60, No. 1, pp. 149–170. Allerton Press, Inc., 2024.Öğe Comprehensive State-of-the-Art of Vehicle-To-Grid Technology(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2023) Alsharif, A.; Ahmed, A.A.; Khaleel, M.M.; Daw, Alarga, A.S.; Jomah, O.S.M.; Imbayah, I.A vehicle is a means of transportation, such as a car, truck, or train, that is capable of moving people or goods from one place to another. Vehicles can be classified based on various factors, such as the type of fuel they use (e.g. gasoline, diesel, electricity), the number of wheels they have (e.g. two, four, six), and their intended use (e.g. passenger transportation). Vehicles may have connectors, such as plug sockets or fuel ports, that allow them to be connected to other devices or systems to form Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) technology. For example, an Electric Vehicle (EV) may have a charging port that allows it to be connected to an electric power source to recharge its batteries such Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) as one of the V2X forms. One of the challenges in charging EVs is the availability of charging infrastructure. In many places, there are relatively few public charging stations, which can make it difficult for EV owners to find a place to charge their vehicles when they are away from home. Additionally, charging an electric vehicle can take significantly longer time than filling up a gasoline-powered vehicle, which can be inconvenient for some drivers. In this review, the various topologies of V2X, connectors, charging challenges, and EV impact types on the grid are conducted. © 2023 IEEE.Öğe The Effect of PEMFC on Power Grid Using Advanced Equilibrium Optimizer and Particle Swarm Optimisation for Voltage Sag Mitigation(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2023) Khaleel, M.M.; Yusupov, Z.; Guneser, M.T.; Abulifa, A.A.; Ahmed, A.A.; Alsharif, A.Due to the integration of various distributed generation resources into power systems, in particular, the integration of proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), the electrical power grid (EPG) becomes more comprehensive and has power quality (PQ) issues like voltage/current unbalance, harmonics, voltage sag, etc. The issue of voltage sag arises from sudden changes in the EPG operating conditions. In this paper, the Advanced Equilibrium Optimizer (AEO) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) are proposed as solutions for EPG disturbance in partially voltage sag issues caused by three fault scenarios: single line-to-ground faults (SLGF), double line-to-ground faults (DLGF), and three line-to-ground faults (TLGF). Both of proposed controllers are set up by applying AEO and PSO, and their preponderances are demonstrated by comparison with a conventional PI controller. The simulink model of PEMFC-EPG interconnection system is carried out in MATLAB/Simulink environment. The results of PEMFC-EPG interconnection using AEO and PSO are impressive and persuasive in terms of the voltage sag elimination. © 2023 IEEE.Öğe Optimal Sizing of Hybrid Renewable System for Residential Appliances(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2024) Alsharif, A.; Almabsout, E.; Ahmed, A.A.; Khaleel, M.; Nassar, Y.F.; El-Khozoadar, H.J.Hybrid Renewable Power Systems (HRPSs) have been extensively employed at regional, national, and different levels due to their capability of decreasing Carbon Dioxide (CO2) emissions and reducing energy consumption amount. However, the main challenge of Renewable Energy Sources (RESs) is the uncertainties of the demand and source integration that may be addressed by nature-inspired metaheuristic algorithms. The optimal operation of a Microgrid (MG) includes Photovoltaic (PV), Wind Turbine (WT), and Battery (BT), as integrated sources for the distributed generation system. This paper proposes the utilization of the Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA) in order to overcome sizing limitations. The aforesaid optimization algorithm benchmarked with the Antlion Optimization (ALO) algorithm that coupled with a supervisory control algorithm called energy management strategy to meet the objective functions. The main objectives of this study are to obtain a hybrid system with lower cost and lower reliability. The results of the system show better performance on WOA as the main findings in terms of cost (0.01/kWh) and LPSP (0.08%). The aforementioned result contributes a cost-effective system with lower loss, and providing sustainable living which means electricity is available most of the time. © 2024 IEEE.Öğe Review paper on Green Hydrogen Production, Storage, and Utilization Techniques in Libya(Libyan Center for Solar Energy Research and Studies, 2024) Imbayah, I.; Hasan, M.; El-Khozondare, H.; Khaleel, M.; Alsharif, A.; Ahmed, A.A.the world is currently facing energy-related challenges due to the cost and pollution of non-renewable energy sources and the increasing power demand from renewable energy sources. Green hydrogen is a promising solution in Libya for converting renewable energy into usable fuel. This paper covers the types of hydrogen, its features, preparation methods, and uses. Green hydrogen production is still limited in the world due to safety requirements because hydrogen has a relatively low ignition temperature and an extensive ignition range and is considered a hazardous element, the lack of infrastructure in Libya, as well as the high cost of production currently. However, the production costs of one megawatt of green hydrogen and fossil fuels are insignificant. This suggests that electricity production from green hydrogen could become an economic competitor to fossil fuels in Libya. This is due to the cost of adding renewable energy to the public electricity grid. Also, the production of gray hydrogen is possible in Libya because of oil through the installation of systems for converting methane gas and capturing carbon dioxide gas. © 2024, Libyan Center for Solar Energy Research and Studies. All rights reserved.Öğe A simple Design of Automatic Bag Valve Mask Ventilator using arduino(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2023) Alarga, A.S.D.; Hawedi, H.S.; Imbayah, I.; Ahmed, A.A.; Alsharif, A.; Khaleel, M.M.This paper presents a ventilator that is characterized by simple construction and operation, as well as accurate execution of tasks due to the control system based on the Arduino board and servo motor. The device presented in this research is composed of two main parts: the mechanical part, represented by pliers, which are two opposite plates that can be moved at a specific angle and speed with the assistance of a servo motor connected to these two pliers by two iron rods, and the electronic part, which serves as the base for the ventilator described in this paper. The electronic component consists of a keypad, an Arduino board, and a servo motor. a display screen that shows the user-entered settings is also included. The main goal of this paper is to accurately adjust the amount of oxygen flowing to the patient through the ability of this device to determine the angle of the motor, and the number of breathing times that can be adjusted by adjusting the speed of the engine. A model of the proposed ventilator has been implemented and successfully tested in terms of modifying the motor angle and how rapidly the bag is pressed (motor speed). wherever the control system's settings have all been accurately and completely applied. In comparison to other devices proposed in numerous studies, this device is characterized by the simplicity of its design, the affordability of its parts, as well as its light weight, which makes it easier to carry and move from one place to another. It is also distinguished by its accuracy in controlling the amount of oxygen required as well as the number of breathing cycles per minute. © 2023 IEEE.Öğe Stochastic Method and Sensitivity Analysis Assessments for Vehicle-to-Home Integration based on Renewable Energy Sources(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2023) Alsharif, A.; Ahmed, A.A.; Khaleel, M.M.; Alarga, A.S.D.; Jomah, O.S.M.; Alrashed, A.B.E.Electric Vehicles (EVs) as hotspot research are increasingly being used as alternative energy sources outside of transportation due to global variables like energy usage and environmental concerns. Gridable Electric Vehicle (GEV) is exploiting the opportunity for connecting EVs to the grid. EVs are now capable of contributing to addressing power limitations and acting as a reserve source of energy for the distribution grid in the Electric Vehicle Charging Facility (EVCF) to form Vehicle-to-Home (V2H). This paper is introduced to estimate impacts on the load for the uncertain behavior of EVs under domestic load after being sized using algorithms. Although, the integration of EVs provides an economical and environmental solution with a positive impact, however, it affects the power system when the uncertain number of EVs is provided as heavy duty. Sensitivity analysis has been considered in the study to investigate the expected changes in the system from the affected components. © 2023 IEEE.Öğe Suspension System Control Process for Buses with In-Wheel Motors †(MDPI, 2023) Belrzaeg, M.; Ahmed, A.A.; Khaleel, M.M.; Alsharif, A.; Rahmah, M.M.; Alarga, A.S.D.In the last few years, there has been considerable growth in in-wheel electric motors manufacturing and the number of electric buses operating around the world. As a result of this clear increase, competition between electric bus manufacturers is increasing to reach the best satisfaction and comfort for passengers. This paper aims to deliver significantly better results due to suspension system. This paper also aims to evaluate an active bus suspension system with an in-wheel electric motor and to show the effect of this motor on the performance of the bus’s suspension system. In this work, a quarter bus suspension system is simulated and modelled using Matlab software, in addition to using one of the well-known control technologies, which is the linear quadratic regulator (LQR). The results showed that the weight of the electric motors in the bus’s wheels had a slightly negative effect on passenger comfort, as the reason for this effect is because the electric motor increased the mass of the wheel. © 2023 by the authors.Öğe Thermoelectrical Analysis of a New Hybrid PV-Thermal Flat Plate Solar Collector(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2023) Nassar, Y.F.; Amer, K.A.; El-Khozondar, H.J.; Ahmed, A.A.; Alsharif, A.; Khaleel, M.M.; Elnaggar, M.A practical design presented in this paper; a hybrid PV solar panel and flat plate solar air heating collector (HSC). When the PV solar cells are installed on the upper surface of the absorber plate at the entrance of air duct of the air heater solar collector, the system will generate both electricity and heat. Numerical model based on energy balance of a PV solar/thermal flat plate air heater solar collector (PV/T) has been developed. The analysis is aiming to identify the optimum contribution of the PV in the proposed HSC according to local transient energy behavior of the components of the HSC. The results substantiated the success of HSC technology in reducing the surface temperature of solar cells and increasing their productivity compared to a conventional PV solar panel. The optimum ratio of PV solar cell is found 25% of the total length of the HSC. Although the proposed HSC reduced the thermal efficiency of the solar collector from 42% to 39%, it increased the electrical efficiency of the PV solar cells from 11% to 14%. As a result, the overall efficiency of the proposed HSC was raised to 53%. © 2023 IEEE.
