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    Effectiveness of heat sink fin position on photovoltaic thermal collector cooling supported by paraffin and steel foam: An experimental study
    (Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2022) Al Hariri, Ahmad; Selimli, Selcuk; Dumrul, Hakan
    Forced convective cooling effectiveness on photovoltaic thermal collector electrical and thermal performance was experimentally studied with phase change material (paraffin) + steel foam mixture and two different angular positioned finned heat sink attachments. Fins are positioned flat and inclined, and air was forced with fan to flow between them. Solar radiation, temperature, electrical and thermal power, energy, and exergy efficiencies were determined and compared with reference photovoltaic module data. The first photovoltaic thermal collector was constructed with phase change material (paraffin) + steel foam mixture application to the back surface and covering with an incline finned heat sink. The second one was assembled with phase change material (paraffin) + steel foam filling to back surface and covering with a flat finned heat sink. Incline and flat finned heat sink attached collectors were cooled 12.23% and 21.67% relatively more than photovoltaic module. Electrical efficiency improvement with incline finned and flat finned heat sink application acquired approximately 5.09% and 6.18% relative to the photovoltaic module, which has 4.38% electrical efficiency, thanks to the cooling provided. The overall efficiencies were 41.4% and 59.53%. Photovoltaic module exergy efficiency is 4.67%, it is increased to 5.59% and 6.87% by cooling with incline finned heat sink and flat finned heat sink applications. Utilizable energy enhancement is identified approximately 140.32 kWh/year and 207.42 kWh/year by assuming 2738 h annual sunshine time in Turkey. These potentials rely on increase in electrical efficiency and heat recovery during cooling of PV/T collectors with incline and flat finned heat sinks. The predicted energy profit can be estimated at $7.01/year and $10.37/year, and its equivalent in emission reduction can be 115.76 kg center dot CO2/year and 171.12 kg center dot CO2/year.
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    EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF FORCED AIR COOLED PV/T COLLECTORS PERFORMANCE SUPPORTED BY PHASE CHANGE MATERIAL AND FINNED STRUCTURE
    (2022-05) Al Hariri, Ahmad
    In this experimental study, the active cooling process was applied with a fan powered air flow and supported with PCM mixture that is paraffin and steel foam. The mixture was filled in the modules’ back surface and enclosed with an inclined and flat finned heat sink. The air flow was created between the heat sink fins to provide forced convective cooling with the fan. The inclined and flat fin heat sink is called PV/T1 and PV/T2. The reference module was named PV and used for comparison. The back surface temperatures, thermal and electrical powers, and efficiencies were evaluated and compared with PV module data. Resultantly, PV/T1 and PV/T2 collectors were cooled by 12.29% and 21.97% more relative to PV module. The electrical efficiency for each of PV/T1 and PV/T2 was 5.12 % and 6.08%, while for the PV module it was 4.37%. The overall efficiencies for the PV/T1 and PV/T2 collectors were 43.74% and 62.3%. Exergy efficiencies values were 4.68% for PV module, 5.65% and 6.8% for PV/T1 and PV/T2 collectors.