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Öğe Application of Natural Coagulants for Pharmaceutical Removal from Water and Wastewater: A Review(Mdpi, 2022) Alazaiza, Motasem Y. D.; Albahnasawi, Ahmed; Ali, Gomaa A. M.; Bashir, Mohammed J. K.; Nassani, Dia Eddin; Al Maskari, Tahra; Amr, Salem S. AbuPharmaceutical contamination threatens both humans and the environment, and several technologies have been adapted for the removal of pharmaceuticals. The coagulation-flocculation process demonstrates a feasible solution for pharmaceutical removal. However, the chemical coagulation process has its drawbacks, such as excessive and toxic sludge production and high production cost. To overcome these shortcomings, the feasibility of natural-based coagulants, due to their biodegradability, safety, and availability, has been investigated by several researchers. This review presented the recent advances of using natural coagulants for pharmaceutical compound removal from aqueous solutions. The main mechanisms of natural coagulants for pharmaceutical removal from water and wastewater are charge neutralization and polymer bridges. Natural coagulants extracted from plants are more commonly investigated than those extracted from animals due to their affordability. Natural coagulants are competitive in terms of their performance and environmental sustainability. Developing a reliable extraction method is required, and therefore further investigation is essential to obtain a complete insight regarding the performance and the effect of environmental factors during pharmaceutical removal by natural coagulants. Finally, the indirect application of natural coagulants is an essential step for implementing green water and wastewater treatment technologies.Öğe Application of pinecones powder as a natural coagulants for sustainable treatment of industrial wastewater(Desalination Publ, 2022) Abujazar, Mohammed Shadi S.; Karaagac, Sakine Ugurlu; Ramadan, Hamza; Abu Amr, Salem S.; Alazaiza, Motasem Y. D.Utilization of pinecone powder as a plant-based natural coagulant for the treatment of iron and steel factory effluent was examined. The concentrations of chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids (TSS), ammonia-nitrogen (NH3-N), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), aluminum (Al), and nickel (Ni) in effluent wastewater were investigated. Results showed that the maximal removal of COD, TSS, NH3-N, Mn, Fe, Zn, Al, and Ni using pinecone powder were 83.3%, 99%, 83.9%, 86.8%, 93.7%, 89.7%, 73.7%, and 86.7%, respectively for effluent at natural pH 8 using a dosage of 3 g/L. The Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy result showed the existence of various functional groups involved in the coagulation process. Overall, this study shows that pinecone powder has enormous promise as a natural coagulant for water treatment and it could be utilized to treat effluent from iron and steel plants.Öğe Application of plant-based natural coagulant for sustainable treatment of steel and iron industrial wastewater, Karabuk, Turkey(Desalination Publ, 2023) Amr, Salem S. Abu; Abujazar, Mohammed Shadi S.; Karaagac, Sakine Ugurlu; Mahfud, Riyad; Alazaiza, Motasem Y. D.; Hamad, Rami J. A.This study examines the use of date stone powder-based plant natural coagulant in the treatment of iron and steel industrial effluent. Coagulation process was conducted using different dosage from date stone powdered (0.2-10 g/L) and different pH values (5-10) using orbital shaker at 200 rpm. The treatment efficiency was evaluated by examine the removal for chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids (TSS), ammonia-nitrogen (NH3-N), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), alu-minum (Al), and nickel (Ni). The maximal removal for COD, TSS, NH3-N, Mn, Fe, Zn, Al, and Ni were 59.4%, 99%, 92.1%, 87.1%, 97.7%, 94.8%, 65.8%, and 80.3%, respectively. Date stone powder has enormous promise as a plant-based natural coagulant for industrial effluent wastewater treatment and might be used to treat effluent from the iron and steel industries.Öğe Diesel Migration and Distribution in Capillary Fringe Using Different Spill Volumes via Image Analysis(Mdpi, 2021) Alazaiza, Motasem Y. D.; Al Maskari, Tahra; Albahansawi, Ahmed; Amr, Salem S. Abu; Abushammala, Mohammed F. M.; Aburas, MaherLaboratory-scale column experiments were conducted to assess the impact of different LNAPL volumes on LANPL migration behavior in capillary zone in porous media. Three different volumes of diesel (50 mL, 100 mL, and 150 mL) were released in different experiments using a 1D rectangular column filled with natural sand. The water table was set at 29 cm from the bottom of the column. The image analysis results provided quantitative time-dependent data on the LNAPL distribution through the duration for the experiments. Results demonstrated that the higher diesel volume (150 mL) exhibited the faster LNAPL migration through all experiments. This observation was due to the high volume of diesel as compared to other cases which provides high pressure to migrate deeper in a short time. In all experiments, the diesel migration was fast during the first few minutes of observation and then, the velocity was decreased gradually. This is due to pressure exerted by diesel in order to allow the diesel to percolate through the sand voids. Overall, this study proved that the image analysis can be a good and reliable tool to monitor the LNAPL migration in porous media.Öğe The effectiveness of rosehip seeds powder as a plant-based natural coagulant for sustainable treatment of steel industries wastewater(Desalination Publ, 2022) Abujazar, Mohammed Shadi S.; Karaagac, Sakine Ugurlu; Abu Amr, Salem S.; Fatihah, Suja; Bashir, Mohammed J. K.; Alazaiza, Motasem Y. D.; Ibrahim, EimanThis study aims to investigate the performance plant-based natural coagulant from rosehip seed powder in the treatment of iron and steel factory wastewater. The concentrations of COD, total suspended solids (TSS), ammonia-nitrogen (NH3-N), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), aluminum (Al), and nickel ( Ni) in effluent wastewater were examined. Coagulation investigations were carried out using an orbital shaker and a flocculation apparatus to investigate the effects of iron and steel factory effluent, pH, and rosehip seeds powder dosage on coagulation efficacy. The rosehip powder removes a large amount of COD, TSS, NH3-N, Mn, Fe, Zn, Al, and Ni from effluent at pH 8 with percentages of 86.1%, 99%, 79%, 86%, 91.7%, 90.6%, 73.7%, and 100%, respectively, at 1 g/L. The effects of pH ranges ranging from (5-10) reveal that the wastewater sample's natural pH (8) demonstrates the maximum practicable removal effectiveness. FTIR analysis revealed the presence of numerous functional groups involved in the coagulation process. One may argue that rosehip seed powder holds great potential as a natural plant-based coagulant for water treatment and could be used to treat effluent from iron and ste el factories.Öğe Factorial design and optimization of pinecone seed powder as a natural coagulant for organic and heavy metals removal from industrial wastewater(Desalination Publ, 2023) Abujazar, Mohammed Shadi S.; Karaagac, Sakine Ugurlu; Abu Amr, Salem S.; Fatihah, Suja; Bashir, Mohammed J. K.; Alazaiza, Motasem Y. D.; Yusof, ArijVarious chemical coagulants have previously been used for wastewater treatment with substantial efficacy in eliminating heavy metals and other criteria. However, their economic effectiveness and the remnant of harmful chemical precipitates that pose hazards to human health and the environment. As a result, utilizing plant-based natural coagulants is seen as an alternative non-toxic, biodegradable, and ecologically beneficial strategy. This study aims to investigate the performance of pinecone seed powder as a natural coagulant in iron and steel factory wastewater treatment, as well as to optimize the operating parameters to determine the feasibility of employing pinecone seed powder in wastewater treatment. Using 0.6 g/200 mL pinecone as a controlling factor, pH, and settling time, the response surface methodology, a statistical experimental design was utilized to increase the chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammoniacal nitrogen (NH3-N), and heavy metals removal effimodels for the parameters specified were determined to be significant with a low probability.Öğe Factorial design and optimization of thermal activation of persulfate for stabilized leachate treatment(Desalination Publ, 2022) Chin, Yun Tong; Bashir, Mohammed J. K.; Abu Amr, Salem S.; Alazaiza, Motasem Y. D.Landfill remains as the most common municipal waste disposal method in the world. However, the production of leachate associate with landfill persists as a major drawback, which bring harmful effect to the environment. Persulfate oxidation is recently used for stabilized leachate treatment. Persulfate alone is still limited for leachate oxidation and an activation method is required to improve its performance. Accordingly, this study aims to investigate and compare the performance of per sulfate subjected to thermal activation in treating stabilized leachate. Different experimental operational factors were considered and evaluated such as, S2O82-/chemical oxygen demand (COD) ratio, temperature, and reaction time. Experiments were designed and optimized by using response surface methodology, and results were analysed by using analysis of variance. The removal efficiencies for COD and colour using inactivation persulfate were reported only at 14% and 29%, respectively. However, the efficiencies were improved to 93.39% and 94.00% for COD and colour after thermal activation of persulfate under an optimum condition of 10 S2O82-/COD ratio, 80 degrees C and 120 min. The maximum efficiency was achieved at the treatment cost of RM0.66 per litre of leachate.Öğe Microplastic in the environment: identification, occurrence, and mitigation measures(Elsevier Science Inc, 2022) Alazaiza, Motasem Y. D.; Albahnasawi, Ahmed; Al-Maskari, Omar; Ali, Gomaa A. M.; Eyvaz, Murat; Abujazar, Mohammed Shadi S.; Abu Amr, Salem S.Microplastic is an emerging pollutant causing trouble worldwide due to its extensive distribu-tion and potential hazards to the ecological system. Some fundamental questions about micro -plastics, such as their presence, source, and possible hazards, remain unanswered. These issues develop because of a lack of systematic and comprehensive microplastic analysis. As a result, we thoroughly evaluated current knowledge on microplastics, including detection, characterization, occurrence, source, and potential harm. Microplastics are found in seawater, soil, wetlands, and air matrices worldwide based on findings. Visual classification, which can be enhanced by com-bining it with additional tools, is one of the most used methods for identifying microplastics. As soon as is practicable, microplastics analytical methods ought to be standardized. New techniques for analyzing nano-plastics are urgently needed in the meantime. Numerous studies have shown that microplastics??? impacts on people and soil are significantly influenced by their size, shape, and surface physicochemical characteristics. Finally, this study suggests areas for future research based on the knowledge gaps in the area of microplastics.Öğe Nanoscale zero-valent iron application for the treatment of soil, wastewater and groundwater contaminated with heavy metals: a review(Desalination Publ, 2022) Alazaiza, Motasem Y. D.; Albahnasawi, Ahmed; Copty, Nadim K.; Bashir, Mohammed J. K.; Nassani, Dia Eddin; Al Maskari, Tahra; Abu Amr, Salem S.Nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) has been extensively investigated for the remediation of soil, wastewater, and groundwater contaminated with heavy metals. This paper presents a collective review of nZVI synthesis, nZVI interaction mechanisms with heavy metals, factors affecting nZVI reactivity, recent applications of nZVI for heavy metals removal, and the environmental concerns of nZVI application for soil microorganisms and plants. Modified nZVI, spatially biochar supported nZVI (BC@nZVI) and sulfidation nanoscale zero-valent iron (S-nZVI) showed high heavy metals removal efficiency and more stable performance compared to nZVI alone. The removal of heavy metals by nZVI is as a synergistic process where adsorption, oxidation/reduction and precipitation occur simultaneously or in series. pH and organic matter are the main factors that significantly affect nZVI reactivity. Toxic effects of nZVI are observed for the soil microorganisms as the direct contact may cause a decrease in cell viability and membrane damage. A low concentration of nZVI promotes the growth of plant whereas high concentration decreases root length. It is observed that, further research is needed to enhance nZVI recovery techniques, evaluate the effectiveness of novel modified nZVI and their effects on the environment, and the full-scale application of nZVI.Öğe Navigating heavy metal removal: Insights into advanced treatment technologies for wastewater: A review(Global Network Environmental Science & Technology, 2024) Abdullayev, Eldar; Vakili, Amir Hossein; Amr, Salem S. Abu; Alazaiza, Motasem Y. D.This paper provides an overview of heavy metal removal technologies for wastewater treatment, with a focus on adsorption, chemical oxidation, ion exchange, and various coagulation processes. The review revolves around wastewater characterization as an essential first step in creating efficient treatment systems. The study examines the uses of different treatment technologies, emphasizing both their benefits and drawbacks. Although flocculation is a rapid and economical procedure, it produces high amounts of waste and needs further filtration and sedimentation. In addition, natural coagulants are found to be more environmentally friendly than synthetic ones, their effects on water quality may make disinfectants necessary. Despite their low toxicity, stability, and environmental advantages, hybrid coagulants have certain drawbacks that are related to operational variables. Despite its broad applicability and low cost, adsorption faces challenges with regeneration and sludge creation. Although it is acknowledged to have a high metal recovery rate, ion exchange is expensive and requires special maintenance. Chemical oxidation techniques, in particular advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), are useful for eliminating heavy metals and breaking down organic materials. The limitations and difficulties of each approach are discussed in the abstract's conclusion, which highlights the necessity of future study aimed at enhancing treatment efficacy for extremely low quantities of heavy metals. The AOP shows a high efficiency in heavy metals removal with 98% of copper and 99% of cadmium. Adsorption technologies, such as activated carbon and zeolites, demonstrate high metal recovery rates of up to 95%. Ion exchange processes effectively remove heavy metals like mercury and arsenic, achieving removal efficiencies exceeding 99%Öğe The performance of S2O82- / Zn2+ oxidation system in landfill leachate treatment(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2020) Abu Amr, Salem S.; Alazaiza, Motasem Y. D.; Bashir, Mohammed JK.; Alkarkhi, Abbas F. M.; Aziz, Shuokr QaraniIn this paper, the application of combined S2O82- / Zn2+ oxidation was investigated for landfill leachate treatment. Several dosage ratios (g/g) from Sodium persulfate (Na2S2O8 M = 238 g/mol) and Zinc chloride (ZnCl4 207.1920 g/mole) were added to the leachate sample in one oxidation reactor. Results showed that the maximum removal efficiencies for COD (88%) and colour (98%) were obtained using 2 g/12 g S2O82- / Zn2+ dosage, pH (11), and 120 min reaction time, while the maximum removal for NH3-N (60%) was obtained at 180 min of oxidation. In addition, the biodegradability (BOD5/COD) ratio was improved from 0.07 to 0.19. Moreover, the performance of the new oxidation processes (S2O82- / Zn2+) compared to other related treatment processes such as S2O82- oxidation alone, ZnCl4 coagulation, S2O82- oxidation followed by ZnCl4 coagulation and ZnCl4 coagulation followed by S2O82-. The results of S2O82- / Zn2+ oxidation achieved higher removal for COD, colour and ammonia compared to other related processes. The results revealed that S2O82- / Zn2+ oxidation system can be recommended as an efficient process for organic and ammonia removal from leachate.Öğe The potential use of olive seeds powder as plant-based natural coagulant for sustainable treatment of industrial wastewater(Desalination Publ, 2022) Karaagac, Sakine Ugurlu; Abujazar, Mohammed Shadi S.; Kopan, Mahmut; Abu Amr, Salem S.; Alazaiza, Motasem Y. D.The use of olive seed powder as a plant-based natural coagulant in treating iron and steel factory wastewater was studied. The concentrations of chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids (TSS), ammonia-nitrogen (NH3-N), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), aluminum (Al), and nickel (Ni) in effluent wastewater were investigated. Coagulation experiments on the effects of iron and steel factory wastewater, pH, and olive seed powder dosage on coagulation efficacy were conducted using an orbital shaker and a flocculation device. The maximum removal percentages of COD, TSS, NH3-N, Mn, Fe, Zn, Al, and Ni by olive seeds powder were 86.3%, 99%, 72.4%, 80.9%, 91.5%, 92.6%, 73.7%, and 84.3% for effluent at natural pH 8 using a 5 g/L dosage, respectively. The Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy study showed the presence of several functional groups involved in the coagulation process. It is possible to argue that olive seed powder has enormous potential as a plant-based natural coagulant for wastewater treatment and that it might be used to treat wastewater from iron and steel factories.Öğe Recent Advances of Nanoremediation Technologies for Soil and Groundwater Remediation: A Review(Mdpi, 2021) Alazaiza, Motasem Y. D.; Albahnasawi, Ahmed; Ali, Gomaa A. M.; Bashir, Mohammed J. K.; Copty, Nadim K.; Abu Amr, Salem S.; Abushammala, Mohammed F. M.Nanotechnology has been widely used in many fields including in soil and groundwater remediation. Nanoremediation has emerged as an effective, rapid, and efficient technology for soil and groundwater contaminated with petroleum pollutants and heavy metals. This review provides an overview of the application of nanomaterials for environmental cleanup, such as soil and groundwater remediation. Four types of nanomaterials, namely nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI), carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and metallic and magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), are presented and discussed. In addition, the potential environmental risks of the nanomaterial application in soil remediation are highlighted. Moreover, this review provides insight into the combination of nanoremediation with other remediation technologies. The study demonstrates that nZVI had been widely studied for high-efficiency environmental remediation due to its high reactivity and excellent contaminant immobilization capability. CNTs have received more attention for remediation of organic and inorganic contaminants because of their unique adsorption characteristics. Environmental remediations using metal and MNPs are also favorable due to their facile magnetic separation and unique metal-ion adsorption. The modified nZVI showed less toxicity towards soil bacteria than bare nZVI; thus, modifying or coating nZVI could reduce its ecotoxicity. The combination of nanoremediation with other remediation technology is shown to be a valuable soil remediation technique as the synergetic effects may increase the sustainability of the applied process towards green technology for soil remediation.Öğe Thermal based remediation technologies for soil and groundwater: a review(Desalination Publ, 2022) Alazaiza, Motasem Y. D.; Albahnasawi, Ahmed; Copty, Nadim K.; Ali, Gomaa A. M.; Bashir, Mohammed J. K.; Al Maskari, Tahra; Abu Amr, Salem S.Thermal remediation technologies are fast and effective tools for the remediation of contaminated soils and sediments. Nevertheless, the high energy consumption and the effect of high temperature on the soil properties may hinder the wide applications of thermal remediation methods. This review highlights the recent studies focused on thermal remediation. Eight types of thermal remediation processes are discussed, including incineration, thermal desorption, stream enhanced extraction, electrical resistance heating, microwave heating, smoldering, vitrification, and pyrolysis. In addition, the combination of thermal remediation with other remediation technologies is presented. Finally, thermal remediation sustainability is evaluated in terms of energy efficiency and their impact on soil properties. The developments of the past decade show that thermal-based technologies are quite effective in terms of contaminant removal but that these technologies are associated with high energy use and costs and can has an adverse impact on soil properties. Nonetheless, it is anticipated that continued research on thermally based technologies can increase their sustainability and expand their applications. Low temperature thermal desorption is a promising remediation technology in terms of land use and energy cost as it has no adverse effect on soil function after treatment and low temperature is required. Overall, selecting the sustainable remediation technology depends on the contaminant properties, soil properties and predicted risk level.
