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Öğe Energy Efficiency Performance For Next Generation Wireless Communications(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2022) Ahmed, A.H.; Alrubaee, S.H.; Hasan, H.K.; Mohammed, A.H.The growth demand in wireless communication and its application leads to a great effort should be into researcher's consideration to meet the future requirement of wireless network architecture. It's expected that the traffic will reaches multiple of hundreds than this in nowadays and to increase the capacity of the network with high and efficient energy efficiency. This can be reached by the use of small cell configuration like micro and pico cells, and use massive MIMO (Massive Multiple-input Multiple-output) with low-cost components which are prone to hardware impairments. This configuration leads to high energy efficiency for large number of base stations and user density. This article focuses in simulating an area covered by random deployment of small cells to serve hundreds of users in the simulation area. The results show that the (Energy efficiency) decreases as the SINR values increases, which is why it is important to specify a target SINR; otherwise the energy efficiency maximizing operation point might be very spectrally inefficient, and the efficient energy can be greatly improved by increasing the base station density, meaning that small cells are a promising solution for maximal energy efficiency deployment. © 2022 IEEE.Öğe Quantified-state-feedback-based Nonlinear pure-feedback MIMO systems benefit from adaptive neural control(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2022) Abdulkareem, M.M.; Yas, Attrah, N.H.; Alrubaee, S.H.; Baraa, Al-Sabti, S.M.; Dheyab, A.; Mohammed, A.H.In the case of state quantizers for MIMO nonlinear block-Triangular pure-feedback systems, there is a certain sort of uncertainty that may be tolerated, we describe a quantized state feedback tracking mechanism. All state variables that may be measured for feedback are thought to benefit from uniform quantizers. In this study, we focus on the problem of tracking of output for a certain kind of MIMO nonlinear systems composed of interconnected modules with widely varying degrees of uncertainty. To begin, the total disturbance in the subsystems' control channels is refined to account for all uncertainties impacting the performance of the controlled outputs, such as internal unmodeled dynamics, external disturbances, and unknown nonlinear interactions between subsystems. It is shown that the total disturbance level is low enough for a real-Time estimate to be made by an extended state observer (ESO) utilising the observed outputs from the separate subsystems. Stability study of the closed-loop system with quantized state feedback is also performed using the Lyapunov stability theorem. Finally, illustrative simulation examples, such as a network of inverted pendulums, are shown to prove that the suggested control approach works as intended. © 2022 IEEE.