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Öğe A 3D-GIS implementation for realizing 3D network analysis and routing simulation for evacuation purpose(Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2013) Atila, U.; Karas, I.R.; Rahman, A.A.The need for 3D visualization and navigation within 3D-GIS environment is increasingly growing and spreading to various fields. When we consider current navigation systems, most of them are still in 2D environment that is insufficient to realize 3D objects and obtain satisfactory solutions for 3D environment. One of the most important research areas is evacuating the buildings with safety as more complex building infrastructures are increasing in today's world. The end user side of such evacuation system needs to run in mobile environment with an accurate indoor positioning while the system assist people to the destination with support of visual landscapes and voice commands. For realizing such navigation system we need to solve complex 3D network analysis. The objective of this paper is to investigate and implement 3D visualization and navigation techniques and solutions for indoor spaces within 3D-GIS. As an initial step and as for implementation a GUI provides 3D visualization of Corporation Complex in Putrajaya based on CityGML data, stores spatial data in a Geo-Database and then performs complex network analysis under some different kind of constraints. The GUI also provides a routing simulation on a calculated shortest path with voice commands and visualized instructions which are intended to be the infrastructure of a voice enabled mobile navigation system in our future work. © 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.Öğe Automatic generation of 3D networks in cityGML and design of an intelligent individual evacuation model for building fires within the scope of 3D GIS(Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2014) Atila, U.; Karas, I.R.; Turan, M.K.; Rahman, A.A.Designing 3D navigation systems requires addressing solution methods for complex topologies, 3D modelling, visualization, topological network analysis and so on. 3D navigation within 3D-GIS environment is increasingly growing and spreading to various fields. One of those fields is evacuation through the shortest path with safety in case of disasters such as fire, massive terrorist attacks happening in complex and tall buildings of today’s world. Especially fire with no doubt is one of the most dangerous disaster threatening these buildings including thousands of occupants inside. This chapter presents entire solution methods for designing an intelligent individual evacuation model starting from data generation process. The model is based on Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) which is one of the most preferred artificial neural network architecture in classification and prediction problems. We focus on integration of this model with a 3D-GIS based simulation for demonstrating an individual evacuation process. © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2014.Öğe Classification of Different Tympanic Membrane Conditions Using Fused Deep Hypercolumn Features and Bidirectional LSTM(Elsevier Science Inc, 2022) Ucar, M.; Akyol, K.; Atila, U.; Ucar, E.Objectives: Middle ear inflammatory diseases are global health problem that can have serious consequences such as hearing loss and speech disorders. The high cost of medical devices such as otoendoscope and oto-microscope used by the specialists for the diagnosis of the disease prevents its widespread use. In addition, the decisions of otolaryngologists may differ due to the subjective visual examinations. For this reason, computer-aided middle ear disease diagnosis systems are needed to eliminate subjective diagnosis and high cost problems. To this aim, a hybrid deep learning approach was proposed for automatic recognition of different tympanic membrane conditions such as earwax plug, myringosclerosis, chronic otitis media and normal from the otoscopy images. Materials and methods: In this study we used public Ear Imagery dataset containing 880 otoscopy images. The proposed approach detects keypoints from the otoscopy images and following the obtained keypoint positions, extracts hypercolumn deep features from 5 different layers of the VGG 16 model. Classification of tympanic membrane conditions were realized by feeding the deep hypercolumn features to Bi-LSTM network in the form of non-time related data. Results: The performance of the proposed model was evaluated in three different color spaces as RedGreen-Blue (RGB), Hue-Saturation-Value (HSV) and Haematoxylin-Eosin-Diaminobenzidine (HED). The proposed model achieved acceptable results in all color spaces, moreover it showed a very successful performance in classifying tympanic membrane conditions especially in RGB space. Experimental studies showed that the proposed model achieved Acc of 99.06%, Sen of 98.13% and Spe of 99.38%. Conclusion: As a result, a robust model with high sensitivity was obtained for classification of tympanic membrane conditions and it was shown that Bi-LSTM network, which is generally used with time-related data, could also be used successfully with non-time related data for diagnosis of tympanic membrane conditions.(C) 2021 AGBM. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.Öğe CORRECTION of FAULTY LINES in MUSCLE MODEL, to BE USED in 3D BUILDING NETWORK CONSTRUCTION(Copernicus GmbH, 2012) Karas, I.R.; Atila, U.; Abdul-Rahman, A.This paper describes the usage of MUSCLE (Multidirectional Scanning for Line Extraction) Model for automatic generation of 3D networks in CityGML format (from raster floor plans). MUSCLE (Multidirectional Scanning for Line Extraction) Model is a conversion method which was developed to vectorize the straight lines through the raster images including floor plans, maps for GIS, architectural drawings, and machine plans. The model allows user to define specific criteria which are crucial for acquiring the vectorization process. Unlike traditional vectorization process, this model generates straight lines based on a line thinning algorithm, without performing line following-chain coding and vector reduction stages. In this method the nearly vertical lines were obtained by scanning the images horizontally, while the nearly horizontal lines were obtained by scanning the images vertically. In a case where two or more consecutive lines are nearly horizontal or nearly vertical, raster data become unmanageable and the process generates wrongly vectorized lines. In this situation, to obtain the precise lines, the image with the wrongly vectorized lines is diagonally scanned. By using MUSCLE model, the network models are topologically structured in CityGML format. After the generation process, it is possible to perform 3D network analysis based on these models. Then, by using the software that was designed based on the generated models, a geodatabase of the models could be established. This paper presents the correction application in MUSCLE and explains 3D network construction in detail.Öğe Design of a route guidance system with shortest driving time based on genetic algorithm(2011) Atila, U.; Karas, I.R.; Gologlu, C.; Yaman, B.; Orak, I.M.Nowadays, with the advancement of the technology on mobile devices, route guidance systems that assist drivers on the traffic have become widespread in daily life. For an accurate routing, a route guidance system should consider the effectual factors of traffic flow such as density and allowable velocity limits of the roads. With the increase of effectual factors and amount of nodes in road network, the computational cost increases. It is not proper to find exact optimal solution in real time for the road networks with excessive number of nodes using some well known deterministic methods such as Dijkstra's algorithm on navigation systems using mobile devices with limited processing speed and memory capacity. This paper proposes a route guidance system and a Genetic Algorithm (GA) approach applied on this routing system to find the shortest driving time. Excluding classical methods, a gene search method of chromosomes named "firstmatched-genes" on crossover operation had been introduced. The efficiency of the genetic algorithm was tested by applying on the networks with different sizes and a mobile application on the traffic network of Ankara was presented.Öğe Design of an intelligent individual evacuation model for high rise building fires based on neural network within the scope of 3D GIS(Copernicus GmbH, 2013) Atila, U.; Karas, I.R.; Turan, M.K.; Rahman, A.A.One of the most dangerous disaster threatening the high rise and complex buildings of today's world including thousands of occupants inside is fire with no doubt. When we consider high population and the complexity of such buildings it is clear to see that performing a rapid and safe evacuation seems hard and human being does not have good memories in case of such disasters like world trade center 9/11. Therefore, it is very important to design knowledge based realtime interactive evacuation methods instead of classical strategies which lack of flexibility. This paper presents a 3D-GIS implementation which simulates the behaviour of an intelligent indoor pedestrian navigation model proposed for a self -evacuation of a person in case of fire. The model is based on Multilayer Perceptron(MLP) which is one of the most preferred artificial neural network architecture in classification and prediction problems. A sample fire scenario following through predefined instructions has been performed on 3D model of the Corporation Complex in Putrajaya (Malaysia) and the intelligent evacuation process has been realized within a proposed 3D-GIS based simulation. © 2013 Copernicus. All Rights Reserved.Öğe Developing a 3D routing instruction engine for indoor environment(Springer Verlag, 2017) Karas, I.R.; Atila, U.; Demiral, E.The need for 3D visualization and navigation within 3D-GIS environment is increasingly growing and spreading to various fields. When we consider current navigation systems, most of them are still in 2D environment that is insufficient to realize 3D objects and obtain satisfactory solutions for 3D environment. For realizing such a 3D navigation system we need to solve complex 3D network analysis. The objective of this paper is to investigate and implement 3D visualization and navigation techniques and develop 3D routing instruction engine for indoor spaces within 3D-GIS. As an initial step and as for implementation a Graphical User Interface provides 3D visualization based on CityGML data, stores spatial data in a Geo-Database and then performs complex network analysis. By using developed engine, the GUI also provides a routing simulation on a calculated shortest path with voice commands and visualized instructions. © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2017.Öğe A genetic algorithm approach for finding the shortest driving time on mobile devices(2011) Karas, I.R.; Atila, U.Recently, with the increasing interest in using handheld devices, the application of navigation systems that provide driving information to the drivers has become widespread in daily life. An efficient route guidance system should consider the influential factors of traffic flow such as traffic density and allowable velocity limits of the roads. As the number of influential factors and amount of nodes in road network increase, the computational cost increases. On navigation systems, using handheld devices with limited processing speed and memory capacity, it is not feasible to find the exact optimal solution in real-time for the road networks with excessive number of nodes using deterministic methods such as Dijkstra algorithm. This paper proposes a Genetic Algorithm approach applied to a route guidance system to find the shortest driving time. Constant length chromosomes have been used for encoding the problem. It was found that the mutation operator proposed in this algorithm provided great contribution to achieve optimum solution by maintaining the genetic diversity. The efficiency of the genetic algorithm was tested by applying it on the networks with different sizes. ©2011 Academic Journals.Öğe GENETIC ALGORITHM-AIDED ROUTING ON 3D DYNAMIC NETWORKS(Copernicus Gesellschaft Mbh, 2010) Atila, U.; Karas, I. R.3D network analysis for indoor provides strong decision support for users in searching optimal routes on applications such as emergency services, transportation, security and visitor guiding. Genetic algorithm is used to solve non-linear problems with complicated constraints. Therefore, the implementation of genetic algorithm into route finding algorithms is needed. This paper explains the demand using genetic algorithm approach on dynamic network routing problems especially for 3D navigation. Abilities of genetic algorithm is investigated as a search strategy and necessitates of genetic algorithm on use for 3D dynamic network routing is presented.Öğe Genetic algorithm-aided routing on 3D dynamic networks(International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 2010) Atila, U.; Karas, I.R.3D network analysis for indoor provides strong decision support for users in searching optimal routes on applications such as emergency services, transportation, security and visitor guiding. Genetic algorithm is used to solve non-linear problems with complicated constraints. Therefore, the implementation of genetic algorithm into route finding algorithms is needed. This paper explains the demand using genetic algorithm approach on dynamic network routing problems especially for 3D navigation. Abilities of genetic algorithm is investigated as a search strategy and necessitates of genetic algorithm on use for 3D dynamic network routing is presented.Öğe An idea for finding the shortest driving time using genetic algorithm based routing approach on mobile devices(2012) Atila, U.; Karas, I.R.; Gologlu, C.; Yaman, B.; Orak, I.M.People's orientation to the mobile devices all over the world have made the using of route guidance systems that assist drivers on the traffic widespread in daily life. For an effective routing, these systems should take into account the effectual factors of traffic flow such as allowable velocity limits of the roads and density. The computational cost of the system is up to the amount of nodes in road network and effectual factors. When we consider the road networks with excessive number of nodes, finding the exact routes in real time using some well known deterministic methods such as Dijkstra's algorithm on such routing systems may not be accurate using mobile devices with limited memory capacity and processing speed. In this paper, a Genetic Algorithm (GA) approach applied on a route guidance system for finding the shortest driving time is proposed. A different gene search approach on crossover operation named "first match- genes" had been introduced. A mobile application for the traffic network of Ankara and the performance of the genetic algorithm tested on networks with 10, 50, 250, 1000 nodes was presented.Öğe INDOOR NAVIGATION DESIGN INTEGRATED WITH SMART PHONES AND RFID DEVICES(Copernicus Gesellschaft Mbh, 2015) Ortakci, Y.; Demiral, E.; Atila, U.; Karas, I. R.High rise, complex and huge buildings in the cities are almost like a small city with their tens of floors, hundreds of corridors and rooms and passages. Due to size and complexity of these buildings, people need guidance to find their way to the destination in these buildings. In this study, a mobile application is developed to visualize pedestrian's indoor position as 3D in their smartphone and RFID Technology is used to detect the position of pedestrian. While the pedestrian is walking on his/her way on the route, smartphone will guide the pedestrian by displaying the photos of indoor environment on the route. Along the tour, an RFID (Radio-Frequency Identification) device is integrated to the system. The pedestrian will carry the RFID device during his/her tour in the building. The RFID device will send the position data to the server directly in every two seconds periodically. On the other side, the pedestrian will just select the destination point in the mobile application on smartphone and sent the destination point to the server. The shortest path from the pedestrian position to the destination point is found out by the script on the server. This script also sends the environment photo of the first node on the acquired shortest path to the client as an indoor navigation module.Öğe RFID-based mobile positioning system design for 3D indoor environment(Conference Chairs of 3DGeoInfo 2014 in Karlsruhe, 2014) Demiral, E.; Karas, I.R.; Turan, M.K.; Atila, U.In this study, an RFID based indoor positioning system has been proposed. In the system, while RFID readers have been considered to be mobile, RFID tags have been attached on fixed positions inside building. Performance of various types of readers and tags on indoor positioning has been investigated and most appropriate tag/reader couple has been used. In the experiments of this study, geographical proximity approach has been used. As the results of tests performed on three different model proposed for indoor positioning, it has been shown that best rate for position estimations without error have been obtained from third model with the rate of approximately 76% and in the worst case, position estimation error has been obtained 2 meters. Copyright © (2014) by the corresponding authors of the papers.Öğe ROI DETECTION AND VESSEL SEGMENTATION IN RETINAL IMAGE(Copernicus Gesellschaft Mbh, 2017) Sabaz, F.; Atila, U.Diabetes disrupts work by affecting the structure of the eye and afterwards leads to loss of vision. Depending on the stage of disease that called diabetic retinopathy, there are sudden loss of vision and blurred vision problems. Automated detection of vessels in retinal images is a useful study to diagnose eye diseases, disease classification and other clinical trials. The shape and structure of the vessels give information about the severity of the disease and the stage of the disease. Automatic and fast detection of vessels allows for a quick diagnosis of the disease and the treatment process to start shortly. ROI detection and vessel extraction methods for retinal image are mentioned in this study. It is shown that the Frangi filter used in image processing can be successfully used in detection and extraction of vessels.
