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Innovative application of recycled waste biopolymers to enhance the efficiency of traditional compacted clay liners of landfill systems: Mitigating leachate impact
(Elsevier, 2024) Vakili, Amir Hossein; Awam, Awass; Keskin, Inan
This study explores the potential of sodium lignosulfonate (NLS) biopolymer to enhance the properties of compacted clay liner (CCL) in landfill systems, leading to recycling and reusing NLS for innovative applications. To do so, a series of tests, including unconfined compressive strength (UCS), bender element (BE), SEM, XRD, XRF, and FTIR tests, were performed. To simulate the actual conditions of fields and durability analysis, four scenarios were determined including mixing CCL with either water or leachate and testing them under dry (DC) or wet conditions (WC) by either soaking in water or leachate. All these methods were applied to CCL stabilized with different NLS contents (up to 1.5 %) and cured at various times (up to 90 days). The results verified that, even in the worst-case scenario of soaking in leachate, the addition of 1 % NLS significantly enhanced the performance of CCLs, reducing the voids percentage by 85.5 % and increasing both strength and shear wave velocity by 52 % and 40 %, respectively. SEM-EDX and FTIR findings confirmed the potential of NLS, even in the presence of leachate, to create electrostatic attraction among the clay particles, develop polymer chains around them, and promote the formation of denser microstructures.