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    Effects of nano-additives in developing alternative fuel strategy for CI engines: A critical review with a focus on the performance and emission characteristics
    (Elsevier, 2024) Hamzah, Ameer Hasan; Akroot, Abdulrazzak; Wahhab, Hasanain A. Abdul; Ghazal, Rabeea M.; Alhamd, Abdulrahman E. J.; Bdaiwi, Mothana
    Compression ignition (CI) engines are widely used in transportation and industry due to their reliability and high thermal efficiency. On the other hand, the use of CI engines coincides with the emission of harmful pollutants, and to address these problems, researchers were interested in studying the use of different types of fuel and additives, such as biodiesel, ethanol, and nanoparticles. Generally, there are increasing views that adding Nanoadditives to fuel improves the thermo physical properties and helps enhance combustion characteristics. More so, the investment of Nano-fuel additives generally leads to premature combustion and accelerated ignition of the fuel charge inside the engine cylinder. What's more, the optimal amount of Nano fuel additives is associated with improvements in ignition characteristics and reduced exhaust emissions. This review concentrated on recent advancements in the use of nanoparticles, specifically different types from Nanoparticles, as a diesel fuel additive, including experimental and theoretical analyses. This study's findings can contribute to the development of a more efficient and environmentally friendly diesel engine technology. Finally, potential mechanisms underlying improvements in diesel properties and combustion are also reviewed and discussed.
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    Enhancement Heat exchanger performance by insert dimple surface ball inside tubes: A review
    (Elsevier, 2023) Bdaiwi, Mothana; Akroot, Abdulrazzak; Wahhab, Hasanain A. Abdul; Assaf, Younus Hamoudi; Nawaf, Mohammed Y.; Talal, Wadah
    In this review, it provides a thorough analysis of the information for boils impact not only the rate of heat transfer but also the degree to which the flow is separated. Minor hazards that are printed on a smooth surface and used as a benchmark to determine the surface's degree of roughness are called passages. The number of dynamic masses that deceiving bodies must con-tend with. Recent studies have shown that boils inside the tubes can help decrease the trouble-some friction that the paintwork experiences. This is accomplished by lowering the conflict generated by the epidermis, which in turn substitutes clouds for the pressure brought on by boils, ultimately resulting in a worldwide advantage. It has yet to be determined in a manner that can be regarded as definitive whether or not the bumps are beneficial in lowering the amount of friction and vapours produced. More so, This article explains several factors that contribute to understanding contradictory information that can be found in the researches, also it provide some recommendations for future research by calling attention to essential sys-tematic techniques that are required to make a meaningful comparison between a smooth surface and one that has boiled in connection to the elimination of clouds.
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    Impact of Eucalyptus Biodiesel and Nanoparticle Additives on Diesel Engine Performance
    (Int Information & Engineering Technology Assoc, 2024) Akroot, Abdulrazzak; Hasan, Hasan A.; Bdaiwi, Mothana
    This study delves into the potential of eucalyptus biodiesel as a future fuel alternative, focusing on its impact on key engine performance metrics: brake thermal efficiency (BTE) and brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC). Eucalyptus biodiesel was produced through a controlled transesterification process, further incorporating oxide particles and nanoaluminum to investigate potential quality enhancements. Blends of varying biodiesel proportions (D95 -B5, D90 -B10, D85 -B15) were systematically evaluated in a watercooled, four-stroke, four-cylinder diesel engine across diverse operating conditions (1200, 1400, and 1600 rpm at 25%, 50%, and 75% load). Findings revealed a gradual decline in BTE and an increase in BSFC with increasing eucalyptus biodiesel content, indicating a decrease in overall fuel efficiency. To address this challenge, a further experiment explored the addition of nanoparticles (50 ppm, 75 ppm, and 100 ppm) to the D85 -B15 blend. This strategic modification yielded a promising result: a significant improvement in both BTE and BSFC, highlighting the potential of nanoparticle additives to mitigate the efficiency drawbacks of eucalyptus biodiesel. Notably, this positive trend strengthened with increasing nanoparticle concentration and operating parameters.
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    Impact of Nano Additives in Heat Exchangers with Twisted Tapes and Rings to Increase Efficiency: A Review
    (Mdpi, 2023) Assaf, Younus Hamoudi; Akroot, Abdulrazzak; Abdul Wahhab, Hasanain A.; Talal, Wadah; Bdaiwi, Mothana; Nawaf, Mohammed Y.
    The heat exchanger is crucial to all systems and applications that use it. Researchers are primarily focused on improving this component's thermal conductivity to improve its efficiency. This was achieved by using one or more of the following strategies: inserting tapes with various shapes and numbers, inserting rings of various shapes and spacing between each, and transforming a basic liquid into a nanoliquid by adding nanomaterials with high conductivity and ultra-small particle sizes. Different types of nanomaterials were added in varying concentrations. In earlier studies, it was found that every increase in heat transfer was accompanied by a pressure drop at both ends of the exchanger. The amount of heat transferred and the pressure drop are affected by many factors, such as the torsion tape ratio, the pitch of the ring, and whether the pitch faces the direction of flow or not. Heat transfer rates can also be impacted by factors such as the length and angle of the wings, how many rings and tapes there are, and whether the rings and tapes contain holes or wings. In addition, the Reynolds number, the type, conductivity, and size of nanomaterials, and the base fluid used in the nanofluid affect this. It is possible for the shape of the exchanger tube, as well as varying rates of rise, to introduce such impacts. In this study, the factors, costs, and benefits of using any technology to increase the efficiency of the heat exchanger are reviewed so that the user can make an informed decision about the technology to use.
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    NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF THE STEAM TURBINE PERFORMANCE IN POWER STATION WITH A LOW POWER CYCLE
    (Taylors Univ Sdn Bhd, 2023) Bdaiwi, Mothana; Akroot, Abdulrazzak; Wahhab, Hasanain A. Abdul; Mahariq, Ibrahim
    In this paper, an analysis of the temperature and quantity balance of the thermal power plant for the Al-Dura (K-160-13.34-0.0068) station was first studied and used for reference. This work describes a possible way to build a simulation model of the most important parts of power plant Al-Dura (K-160-13.34-0.0068). The Cycle-Tempo and MATLAB/Simulink packages are used to model the energetic and exergetic analysis of the power plant. MATLAB/Simulink software was used to simulate the behaviour of a Steam turbine with high-pressure, intermediate-pressure, and low-pressure steam, with a load response in a stable circumstance over a range of 50% to 100%. The model is based on Stodol's law and simulates the pressure and enthalpy alongside the dissimilar turbine phases and the vapor and water extraction. The effect of the vapor and water extraction on the turbine is also elucidated. Areas of essential energy loss and exergy decimation will be resolved. The impact of changing the power plant load on the exergy analysis is determined. The response of suggested purposes to estimate these vapor properties is compared with standard data and showed high accuracy (the modelling error is less than 0.01%).