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    The Invitro Sensitivity of Bacterial Conjunctivitis Agents to Routinely Used Antibiotics
    (Duzce Univ, 2018) Cakmakliogullari, Murat; Cakmakliogullari, Elcin Kal
    Objective: The most commonly seen ocular infection worldwide is bacterial conjunctivitis. It is widespread practice to use broad spectrum empirical treatment for bacterial conjunctivitis without production of the agent micro-organism or performing antibiotic sensitivity tests. In the current study, it was aimed to find an effective empirical treatment by isolating bacterial conjunctivitis agents and determining the antibiotic sensitivity percentages in invitro conditions. Methods: Culture samples were taken from the mucopurulent discharge of 65 patients diagnosed with bacterial conjunctivitis. The samples were taken with a swab stick into transport medium, then seeded and the bacteria colonies produced were identified using a fully automated BD Phoenix system (Becton Dickinson , USA). Each of the produced bacteria were evaluated using netilmicin, tobramycin, ofloxacin, tetracycline, chloramfenicol, gentamicin, lomefloxacin, moxifloxacin, and ciprofloxacin discs with the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Results: The 65 patients with bacterial conjuntivitis comprised 30 females and 35 males, age between 21 and 86 (average: 48.23 +/- 10.47). The agent bacteria was isolated in 46 (70.7%) cases. Of the produced bacteria, 86.9% were gram positive cocci, and of these, coagulase negative staphylococci was the most frequently isolated. The sensitivity percentages of the examined antibiotics were found to be netilmicin 93.3%, chloramphenicol 92.5%, tobramycin 90.0%, gentamicin 88.2%, moxifloxacin 84.3%, ofloxacin 80.9%, tetracycline 75.0%, ciprofloxacin 70.5% and lomefloxacin 63.3%. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that rather than using broad spectrum fluoroquinolones in empirical treatment of patients with bacterial conjuctivitis, the firstline use of aminoglycoside-derived antibiotics would have a positive effect on the treatment process.
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    Is the presence of Demodex folliculorum increased with impaired glucose regulation in polycystic ovary syndrome?
    (Taylor & Francis Inc, 2020) Eroglu, Semra; Cakmakliogullari, Murat; Cakmakliogullari, Elcin Kal
    Demodex parasites may cause skin and eyelash lesions by settling on the pilosebaceous unit. This parasite plays a role in the pathophysiology of acne in polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). We aimed to examine the relationship between Demodex folliculorum and blood glucose control in patients with PCOS with skin and eyelash lesions. Forty-four patients with PCOS with skin lesions were enrolled in the study. At least two specimens were taken from the skin lesions using the standard method and at least six epilated eyelashes were taken from both eyes under a biomicroscope and evaluated using a light microscope. The demographic characteristics, body mass index (BMI) and clinical parameters of the patients were recorded. Demodex folliculorum was present at a rate of 59.1% in the skin lesions of the patients with PCOS, 40.9% in eyelash samples and 43.18% in both skin and lashes. Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), glycosylated haemoglobin (HB A1c) concentrations, and BMIs were significantly higher in the patients who had D. folliculorum in skin samples than in those without (p = .010, p = .007 and p = .02). Impaired glucose regulation may explain the pathophysiology of the increased D. folliculorum presence in the skin lesions of patients with PCOS.Impact statement What is already known on this subject? Although several studies on Demodex folliculorum and PCOS have been conducted, we have not yet found a study that examines D. folliculorum parasites in the eyelashes and skin correlating with glucose regulation in PCOS. This study presents new information about the relationship between the presence of D. folliculorum and impaired glucose regulation in women with PCOS. What do the results of this study add? D. folliculorum is seen more commonly in skin lesions in patients with PCOS with impaired blood glucose regulation.