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    The Biocompatibility and Self-Healing Effect of a Biopolymer's Coating on Zn Alloy for Biomedical Applications
    (Mdpi, 2023) Cesarz-Andraczke, Katarzyna; Tuncay, Badegul; Pakiela, Wojciech; Brytan, Zbigniew; Skonieczna, Magdalena; Bidulska, Jana; Bidulsky, Robert
    The objective of this study was to formulate dip coatings, incorporating casein, NaOH, and nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite (nanoHAp), with self-healing properties for application on ZnMg3.2 wt.% alloy in the field of biomedical applications. This study hypothesizes that the self-healing mechanism within the layer will impede substrate degradation by progressively filling defects where chlorides from simulated body fluids intervene. Furthermore, it aims to mitigate potential damage effects during the implantation process by the layer's self-healing capabilities. The research focused on the dip-coating process parameters and chemical composition of baths for producing casein coatings on Zn alloy surfaces. This study investigated the impact of casein and NaOH concentration, along with the immersion time of ZnMg3.2 wt.% samples in the coating bath, on the self-healing capability of the coating under simulated human body fluid conditions (Ringer's solution, temperature: 37 degrees C). Effective technology was developed by selecting specific chemical compositions and immersion times in the coating bath, enhancing the self-healing progress against coating damage in Ringer's solution at 37 degrees C. The most significant self-healing effect was observed when the ZnMg3.2 wt.% substrate underwent a 1 h immersion in a coating bath containing 2 g of casein, 4 g of NaOH, and 0.1 g of nanoHAp powder. Electrochemical tests were instrumental in determining the optimal casein concentration and immersion time of the Zn alloy in the coating bath.
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    Influence of casein on the degradation process of polylactide-casein coatings for resorbable alloys
    (Nature Portfolio, 2024) Cesarz-Andraczke, Katarzyna; Staszuk, Marcin; Tuncay, Tansel; Wozniak, Anna; Smok, Weronika; Tuncay, Badegul
    This study used the dip-coating method to develop a new biocompatible coating composed of polylactide (PLA) and casein for ZnMg1.2 wt% alloy implants. It evaluated its impact on the alloy's degradation in a simulated body fluid. After 168 h of immersion in Ringer's solution, surface morphology analysis showed that the PLA-casein coatings demonstrated uniform degradation, with the corrosion current density measured at 48 mu A/cm2. Contact angle measurements indicated that the average contact angles for the PLA-casein-coated samples were below 80 degrees, signifying a hydrophilic nature that promotes cell adhesion. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) revealed no presence of lactic acid on PLA-casein coatings after immersion, in contrast to pure PLA coatings. Pull-off adhesion tests showed tensile strength values of 7.6 MPa for pure PLA coatings and 5 MPa for PLA-casein coatings. Electrochemical tests further supported the favorable corrosion resistance of the PLA-casein coatings, highlighting their potential to reduce tissue inflammation and improve the biocompatibility of ZnMg1.2 wt% alloy implants.
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    Influence of technological synthesis conditions on corrosion behaviour and mechanical properties for NiTi alloys
    (Emerald Group Publishing Ltd, 2023) Tuncay, Badegul; Cug, Harun; Tuncay, Tansel; Ozyurek, Dursun; Cesarz-Andraczke, Katarzyna
    PurposeThis study aims to investigate NiTi alloys' characterization and corrosion behaviour produced by two different powder metallurgy (PM) methods. Design/methodology/approachIt was pre-formed under a protective atmosphere at 900 & DEG;C under a force of 45 MPa and sintered for 1 h under 10-6 Mbar in an atmosphere-controlled heat treatment furnace at 1,100 & DEG;C. The relationship between microstructural properties, SEM, XRD, density, microhardness and corrosion behaviour of pre-alloyed NiTi alloys produced by two different methods with the production method was investigated. FindingsAs a result of the studies, TiO, NiTi, NiTi2 and Ni3Ti intermetallics were determined in XRD examinations. The best surface roughness was observed in the mechanically milled (MM'ed) pre-alloyed NiTi alloy compared to the pre-alloyed NiTi alloy mixed with turbula. The corrosion tests performed in 3.5% NaCl solution determined that the MM'ed pre-alloyed NiTi alloy had better corrosion resistance than the pre-alloyed NiTi alloy mixed with turbula. Pitting corrosion was visualized in the SEM images taken from the corrosion surfaces. Originality/valueTwo different PM methods produced pre-alloyed NiTi powders, and the effects of these methods on the mechanical and corrosion resistance of NiTi alloys were systematically investigated for the first time.