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Öğe A Comprehensive Investigation on Tribological Performance of Nano-Silver and Nano-Gold Additivated Fluids on Wearing Surfaces(Asme, 2020) Korkmaz, Seyma; Cetin, M. Huseyin; Dogan, Sevval; Ozen, Kadir; Ayhan, Enes; Ozgul, Mertcan; Ozdemir, Suleyman FurkanIn this study, the tribological performances of the colloidal suspensions with the additives of nano-silver and nano-gold were examined via wear experiments of AA7075-T6 material. The nanoparticles were penetrated in the wear region using suspensions prepared in distilled water and ethylene glycol environment. The wear experiments were performed under 30 N load and 20 rpm speed condition in 1000 m wear distance using the ball-on-plate method. The worn surfaces were analyzed with a three-dimensional profilometer, scanning electron microscope/energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), and atomic force microscope (AFM) methods. According to the results, the colloidal dispersed nano-gold particles in ethylene glycol performed 28.85% better on reducing the surface roughness, 2.32% on reducing the weight loss, 4.85% on increasing the heat transfer, and 1.22% on reducing the friction coefficient than the nano-silver particles.Öğe Development of Forming Temperature Curves for Warm Deep Drawing Process Under Non-isothermal Conditions(Springer Heidelberg, 2015) Cetin, M. Huseyin; Ugur, Abdullah; Yigit, Osman; Gokkaya, Hasan; Arcaklioglu, ErolTemperature is the main effective process parameter in the warm deep drawing (WDD) process to improve the formability of light-weight engineering materials, and this feature requires the accurate measurement and assessment of temperature for process stability. In this study, an evaluation of the WDD process was conducted according to the forming temperature curves (FTCs) characterized from work piece temperatures instead of tool temperatures, as usual. To achieve this goal, a special index material was developed to accurately obtain FTCs from the work piece material under closed and heated tool conditions. The differences of temperature on work piece material are required to define temperatures by curves. The characteristic behavior of these curves was investigated under non-isothermal WDD of AA 5754-O. In the experimentation stage, the process parameters, namely FTC, blank holder force and punch velocity, which assure successful deep drawability, were determined according to the failure-free cups by analyzing wrinkling and tearing conditions and minimum cup height parameters as output parameters. As the next step, optimum conditions were investigated by evaluating the cup volume and spring-back parameters. As a general conclusion, approximately 330A degrees C in the flange-die radius region and 100A degrees C in the cup wall-punch bottom region are the ideal optimum temperatures for the warm deep drawing process.Öğe Effect of Impact Angle and Speed, and Weight Abrasive Concentration on AISI 1015 and 304 Steel Exposed to Erosive Wear(Springer, 2024) Gul, M. Salih; Demirsoz, Recep; Kilincarslan, Sena Kabave; Polat, Refik; Cetin, M. HuseyinThis study investigated parametrically the erosive wear behavior of AISI 1015 and 304 steel in different environmental conditions. The erosive wear tests were designed according to the L9 orthogonal array design of the Taguchi fractional factorial method. The experiments were carried out with the parameters of 3-level slurry concentration formed with silica powder (5, 15, and 25 wt.%), 3-level impact velocity (265, 397.5, and 530 rpm), and 3-level impact angle (30 degrees, 60 degrees, and 90 degrees). Surface roughness and weight loss were considered performance criteria in the experimental data assessed using the signal/noise (S/N) and analysis of variance (ANOVA) methodologies. In addition, the wear zones of the samples were examined in detail with SEM, EDX, and 3D topography analyses. According to the S/N analysis, the best wear and surface roughness parameters for AISI 1015 and 304 steel were determined as 5% by weight concentration ratio, 265 rpm for impact speed, and 90 degrees for impact angle. It was determined that low concentration, low speed, and high impact angle values affected surface roughness and weight loss parameters positively. Experimental results showed that erosive wear resistance increased with the increasing alloying elements in steel materials.Öğe Effect of Shot-Peening Process and Nanoparticle-Added Lubricant on the Tribological Performance of Aluminium-Based Sliding Bearing Material(Wiley, 2024) Korkmaz, Seyma; Cetin, M. Huseyin; Simsir, Hamza; Unal, Okan; Temel, FarabiIn this study, it is aimed to increase the wear and fatigue performance of aluminium-based sliding bearing material by using silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) added lubricant and shot-peening process. The main purpose is to minimise the wear of the bearing material by penetrating AgNPs added lubricants into the rough surfaces formed by shot peening. Almen intensity, coverage and shot size parameters in the shot-peening process were analysed in terms of hardness, surface roughness and fatigue strength. The shot-peened aluminium bronze was subjected to wear experiments under dry, pure water and AgNPs added lubricant conditions. The wear test results were analysed in terms of friction coefficient, wear volume and surface roughness parameters, and the interaction of lubricant and shot-peening parameters was evaluated. According to the results of the shot-peening experiments, the Almen intensity was the most effective parameter in terms of hardness and surface roughness (91.62%). It was concluded that the hardness value was 8% higher at high Almen (12-14A) intensity compared with low Almen intensities, and the shot-peening process could increase the fatigue strength by similar to 21 times. According to the wear tests, the most effective parameters were 4-6 Almen intensity and AgNP-added lubricant.Öğe Effects of cutting fluids with nano-silver and borax additives on milling performance of aluminium alloys(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2020) Cetin, M. Huseyin; Kilincarslan, Sena KabaveThe development of tribological properties of cutting fluids is important to ensure cutting efficiency in metal cutting processes. It is expected that the nano-cuffing fluids obtained using nanoparticles as a tribological agent will provide high tribological performance. In this study, the suspension of borax - ethylene glycol and colloidal suspension of borax - ethylene glycol - nano-silver particles were used as cutting fluid for milling of AA7075 - T6 material and their tribological properties were investigated. The originality of this paper is the improvement of the lubrication function and heat transfer properties of cutting fluids by using borax and nano-silver additives. In the experimental part of the current study, borax was used for lubrication, and nano-silver particles were employed to improve the heat transfer properties of nano-cuffing fluids. Both additives were synthesised using ethylene glycol which has high penetration ability. The prepared cutting fluids were applied to the cutting zone in pulverised form by minimum quantity of lubricant (MQL) technique due to the lower environmental and health impacts. In the experimental section, surface roughness values and cutting forces were measured and analysed according to the response surface method (RSM). Besides, chip morphologies were examined in microscale using SEM and EDX, and the effects of additives were discussed in detail. As a result, it was determined that the silver nano-particle additive reduced the surface roughness up to 13.88 %. However, any sufficient effect reducing the cutting forces was not observed.Öğe Evaluation of the clean nano-cutting fluid by considering the tribological performance and cost parameters(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2021) Kilincarslan, Enes; Kilincarslan, Sena Kabave; Cetin, M. HuseyinIn this study, the tribological performance of cutting fluid developed with canola oil and nano-silver was investigated. Within the scope of the study, AA7075-T6 material was milled under the conditions of dry machining, boron oil, canola oil, and nano-silver added canola oil. As a result of the experiments, surface roughness, cutting forces, cutting temperature, chip morphologies, and tool wear were investigated. Nano-lubricant caused a slight increase in the machining forces, but it provided high performance in terms of sur-face roughness, cutting temperature, chip morphology and tool wear. As a result of the optimisation, the nano-silver added cutting fluid was determined to be optimum in terms of surface roughness and cutting temperature.Öğe Improvement of the milling process performance by using cutting fluids prepared with nano-silver and boric acid(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2020) Kilincarslan, Sena Kabave; Cetin, M. HuseyinToday, it is aimed to produce high quality products and reduce energy consumption in metal cutting processes. For this purpose, it is necessary to use cutting fluids with high tribological performance in metal cutting processes. With the use of these fluids, the lubrication and cooling functions required in metal removal processes will be provided effectively. In addition, minimal and effective use of fluids will reduce processing costs and energy consumption. In this study, tribological performances of cutting fluids consisted of nano-silver and boric acid were investigated comprehensively in the milling process of AA7075-T6 material. First, colloidal suspensions were prepared in ethylene glycol medium using nano-silver as a cooling and surface film-forming agent and boric acid as a lubricating agent. Secondly, milling experiments were performed according to semi factorial design method. Surface roughness (R-a) and cutting forces were considered as performance criteria. Visual and elemental analyses of chips were performed via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy. Tool wear and build-up-edge (BUE) formation was examined by optical microscope. According to the results, the cutting fluid prepared with nano-silver (nAg) and boric acid (BA) in a medium of ethylene glycol (EG) decreased surface roughness by 14.59% more than the nAg and EG mixture and by 5.27% more than the BA and EG mixture. In addition, cutting forces of EG + BA + nAg was observed 0.846% and 0.115% lower than the EG + nAg and EG + BA, respectively. In terms of tool wear and chip morphology, EG + BA + nAg cutting fluid showed better results than other cutting fluids.Öğe Increasing the wear resistance of railway switches with boron coating and analysis of tribological performance by ANOVA method(Elsevier Science Sa, 2022) Kondul, Bilgehan; Cetin, M. HuseyinIn this study, the metallographic structure and wear behaviour of boron-coated rail steels were investigated. For this purpose, the wear behaviour of boronized rail steels was examined under two different load and sliding speed conditions. According to the results, the thickness and hardness values of the boride layer increased with increasing boronizing temperature. The hardness of the rail steel, initially similar to 300 HV, reached the value of 1886, 2145 and 2590 HV at 700-800-900 degrees C, respectively. When the wear behaviour of the boronized rail steel was analyzed, a considerable increase in wear resistance was achieved compared to the untreated sample. Topo-graphic images showed that boronized samples have a smoother surface form, while untreated samples have deep valleys and intense fluctuations.Öğe Investigation of interaction of extreme pressure additive, load and sliding speed parameters with silver nano-particles in wear environment(Iop Publishing Ltd, 2021) Ahmaida, Yousef Alamin A.; Korkmaz, Seyma; Kilincarslan, Sena Kabave; Sirvan, Onur Can; Cetin, M. HuseyinThis study aims to minimize the wear of brass-based sliding bearing materials by using extreme-pressure and nano-silver added lubricants. The nano-fluids used in the experiments were characterized by the Zeta test, size measurement, absorbance graphs, wettability analyses and TEM imaging. The effect of extreme-pressure (5%, 10% and 15%) and nano-silver (1%, 5% and 9%) concentration ratios and the interaction of lubricants with load and speed parameters were analyzed with ball-on-plate wear experiments. The results were analyzed by evaluating the friction coefficient and wear volume values, as well as SEM and 3D topography images. It has been found that 5% extreme pressure lubricant reduces friction coefficient by 32.82% and volume loss by 89.51% compared to base lubricant. According to the results, the lowest friction coefficient (0.0276), volume loss (0.042 mm(3)) values and the best surface images were obtained at 1% concentration. Furthermore, the tribological performance decreased as the concentration of extreme-pressure and nano-silver increased, and optimum extreme-pressure and nano-silver concentrations were obtained as 5% and 1%, respectively. Using additives, different load (10N, 20N and 30N) and speed (10 rpm, 25 rpm, 40 rpm) parameters, Taguchi's L9 fractional factorial experimental design was created for interaction analyses. With the Taguchi analysis of the design, 5% extreme pressure added lubricant, 10N load and 40 rpm speed parameter combination was determined as the optimum test condition and base lubricant, 30N load and 25 rpm speed parameters were determined as the worst test condition. According to the variance analyses results, it was determined that the lubricant condition was the most effective parameter on the coefficient of friction (67.79%), volume loss (51.07%) and surface roughness (45.43%).Öğe Investigation of the concentration rate and aggregation behaviour of nano-silver added colloidal suspensions on wear behaviour of metallic materials by using ANOVA method(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2020) Cetin, M. Huseyin; Korkmaz, SeymaIn this study, the tribological performance of nano-silver particles prepared at different concentrations was investigated by the parameters of temperature, friction coefficient, weight loss and surface roughness. Moreover, the effects of the aggregation behaviour of nanoparticles were analysed. According to the results, when the nano-silver concentration increased from 4% to 12%, weight loss decreased by 33.99%, surface quality increased by 21.13%, friction coefficient decreased by 18.16% and wear zone temperature decreased by 74.31%. Increased aggregation behaviour adversely affected the wear resistance. Additionally, it was determined that the ethylene glycol has a significant effect on the penetration ability of the nanoparticles.Öğe Investigation of the effect of surface modification types on the tribological performance of cow bone powder reinforced polymer materials(Wiley, 2023) Kilincarslan, Sena Kabave; Cetin, M. Huseyin; Kanbur, Yasin; Sismanoglu, Sedef; Polat, RefikThis study investigated the production, characterization, mechanical and tribo-logical performance of surface-modified cow bone powder-reinforced composites. The primary goal was to increase the tribological and mechanical performance of sustainable and cleanly produced composite materials. It was determined that the surface-modified bone powder reinforcement increased the mechanical, thermal, and wear resistance of the polymer. The best surface modification method was determined as silanization. It reduced the friction coefficient and weight loss by 16.60% and 40.0%, respectively, according to the main factor analysis. In addition, it increased the glass transition temperature by 45.54%, crystallization by 2.93%, hardness by 2.70%, and tensile strength by 9.26% compared to the unmodified bone powder reinforcement.Öğe Investigation of tribological behavior of coated and untreated rail steels under wet conditions(Iop Publishing Ltd, 2024) Cetin, M. Huseyin; Kondul, BilgehanRails are exposed to more stresses, especially in the regions of narrow radius curves and switch passages. Therefore, the tribological features of these regions are important. In this study, the effect of boronization on tribological properties was examined. For this purpose, experiments were carried out on samples boronized at 800 degrees C for 2 h and 8 h and on untreated samples. With these experiments, the friction coefficient, volume loss and surface roughness values of the samples under wet conditions were examined. In addition, the microstructures of the material after boriding were observed by SEM and EDX. The variance and regression method (ANOVA) was used for the statistical analysis of the experimental results. After SEM examinations, a coating layer of similar to 22 mu m (FeB) and similar to 48 mu m (FeB+Fe2B) were obtained on the surface of the rail steels boronized for 2 and 8 h, respectively. The microhardness of the rail steels, which was similar to 300 HV for the untreated sample, increased to similar to 1900 HV and similar to 2400 HV with the boronizing process boronized for 2 and 8 h, respectively. According to the ANOVA results, the effects of the boronizing process on the decrease of the friction coefficient and the volume loss were calculated as 42% and 46%, respectively. Finally, according to the corrosion results, the corrosion resistance of the boronized rail steels decreased with the boride layer formed.Öğe Investigation of wear behavior of boronized H13 steel under environment of nano-silver-added lubricants coated with different ligands(Iop Publishing Ltd, 2020) Raghs, Hamdi Abdulhamid; Kondul, Bilgehan; Cetin, M. HuseyinH13 hot work tool steels are subject to high wear and surface deformation. For this reason, it is important to coat H13 steels and to protect the surface forms with lubricants that can be used in the working environment. This study aimed to increase the wear resistance of H13 hot work tool steel by boronizing and to use nano-silver-doped lubricants under working conditions. The boronizing process was carried out at 700, 800, and 900 degrees C for 2, 4, and 8 h in a nano-boron powder atmosphere. Wear tests were conducted under dry conditions and with nano-silver-doped colloidal suspension prepared with three different ligands. Analyses of the experimental results examined the parameters of friction coefficient, weight loss, microhardness and surface roughness. Ultra-violet (UV), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive x-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction (XRD) and 3D topography methods were used for visual and elemental analysis of the surfaces. According to the experimental results, an average coating thickness of 26.5 mu m and hardness value of 2001 HV were obtained under conditions of 900 degrees C for 4 h. The nano-silver-doped colloidal suspension prepared with gelatin yielded 52% better friction coefficient, 88% better weight loss and 51.42% better surface roughness results than the dry wear conditions. It was determined that nano-silver-doped colloidal suspensions prepared with different ligands exhibited different characteristics in the wear environment.Öğe Investigation of wear behavior of carbide based coated rolling roll materials under dry and lubricated conditions(Iop Publishing Ltd, 2021) Korkmaz, Seyma; Pehlivanoglu, Mert; Orak, Abdulkadir; Cetin, M. HuseyinIn this study, the effect of TiCN and WC-Co coatings on the tribological performance of spheroidal graphite cast iron materials was investigated by wear tests under dry and lubricated conditions. The mechanical and physical effects of the coating processes were analysed by microhardness measurements and visual methods (SEM, EDX, XRD). The tribological effect of WC-Co and TiCN coated specimens were investigated by ball-on-plate wear tests carried out under dry and boron oil emulsion (5% concentration) conditions at 50 N load and 60 rpm sliding speed parameters. The friction coefficient and wear volume results were obtained to investigate the effect of the coating process and boron oil emulsion on friction and wear behaviour. The wear mechanisms were determined with SEM images obtained from the worn surfaces and surfaces analysed elementally with EDX images. Additionally, surface morphology was examined with surface roughness measurements and 2D-3D topography images. According to the microhardness measurement results, it was observed that the spheroidal graphite cast iron with 290 HV hardness reached 1559 HV with TiCN coating and 1440 HV with WC-Co coating. According to the wear test results, it was determined that TiCN and WC-Co coatings decreased the friction coefficient by 32.51% and 12.80%, respectively. When the effect of boron oil usage compared to dry environmental conditions, it was concluded that the friction coefficient and wear volume decreased by a maximum of 54.80% and 53.70%, respectively. Additionally, the roughness values decreased in the experiments where the boron oil emulsion was used. However, although the TiCN coating improved the surface quality, the WC coating negatively affected the surface quality. Surface form images obtained with 2D and 3D topography also support the alteration in roughness values.Öğe Parameter Optimization with Multi-criteria Decision-Making Methods in Rail Transport: A Case Study of Freight Wagon Bogie(Springer Heidelberg, 2021) Cetin, M. Huseyin; Alvali, Gulustan Tugce; Korkmaz, SeymaThe high safety factor expected from transport vehicles results in high costs. Moreover, the environmental and financial concerns in transport vehicle technology make the minimization of production factors obligatory. This causes a decision problem between high safety and production at low cost. In this study, modeling and analysis with multi-criteria decision-making methods for freight wagon bogie operating with high safety and minimum cost were aimed. The decision problem was created considering the factors of safety, manufacturability and cost for three different materials, and the most appropriate material combination was determined for the bogie construction. In data production for the decision factors, the application of computer-aided engineering and chemical content of the materials were taken into consideration. The real tonnage prices of the related material were used for the cost criterion. TOPSIS, VIKOR and SAW, which are among the multi-criteria decision-making methods, were used for the solution of the decision problem. Fishbone, Cronbach's alpha and regression methods were used for quality and reliability analysis. It was found that the solutions obtained from the chosen models validate each other. Together with the concept of economy and computer-aided engineering applications, its successful applicability to decision problems developed for freight wagons and providing a solution to them is the originality of this paper. According to the methods, the ideal solution was found as the material S355 for the pivot, S235 for the carrier and the bolster. According to reliability analysis, the data produced were found statistically sufficient and significant (Adj. R-Sq's obtained above 95%).Öğe Performance evaluation of the nano-silver added vegetable-oil-based cutting fluid in drilling process(Iop Publishing Ltd, 2020) Cetin, M. Huseyin; Kesen, Ayfer; Korkmaz, Seyma; Kabave Kilincarslan, SenaThe use of antibacterial and environmentally friendly materials in industrial applications is important for sustainable manufacturing. In this study, the performance of newly developed nano-silver-added cutting fluids was investigated through the surface quality and cutting forces in the drilling of AISI 304 austenitic stainless steel material. The investigation of tribological performances of colloidal suspensions formed by nano-silver with the vegetable and the boron oils is unique for the literature. The drilling surfaces were examined visually and elementally by 3D topography, SEM and XRD analysis. The experimental results showed that nano-silver added vegetable-based cutting fluid provides similar to 15% better performance than boron fluid in reducing surface roughness. In terms of reducing cutting forces, nano-silver-reinforced vegetable and boron oils could not exhibit positive performance.Öğe Performance evaluation of the submerged abrasive water jet turning process for improving machinability of castamide(Elsevier - Division Reed Elsevier India Pvt Ltd, 2020) Ibrahim, Salem A. Basher; Korkmaz, Seyma; Cetin, M. Huseyin; Kartal, FuatIn this study, the submerged abrasive water jet turning (AWJT) system was used for improving machinability of castamide material and process parameters have been investigated comprehensively. Optimum parameters were determined as to minimize the surface roughness and maximize the material removal rate in the submerged turning process of castamide. 3-level traverse speed (TS), abrasive flow rate (AFR) and spindle speed (SS) were taken as the input parameters, and the experimental design was made as a full factorial design. The effect ratios of the input parameters were analyzed statistically by ANOVA and graphical methods, and their interactions were examined by 3D surface images. Optimum test condition was determined by TOPSIS and VIKOR methods. Experimental results were compared with conventional abrasive water jet process. In addition, regression equations were obtained for the explanation of the experimental results mathematically to show the relationships between the variables. According to the experimental results, submerged AWJT increased the surface roughness of castamide material by 15% compared to conventional AWJT and decreased the metal removal rate by 5.22%. ANOVA results showed that the traverse speed is the most effective parameter on the machinability of castamide. Traverse speed was found to be 83.11% effective on surface roughness and 85.56% on material removal rate. According to TOPSIS and VIKOR optimization results, 40 mm/min TS, 310 g/min AFR and 300 rpm SS values were determined as the optimum test conditions. (C) 2020 Karabuk University. Publishing services by Elsevier B.V.Öğe Prediction of Flow Behavior and Deformation Analysis of AA5754 Sheet Metal at Warm and Hot Temperatures(Springer, 2024) Sen, Nuri; Civek, Tolgahan; Ilhan, Omer; Yurt, Ozgur Erdem; Cetin, M. Huseyin; Simsir, HamzaThe utilization of lightweight materials such as AA5754 aluminum alloys in the inner body panel parts of vehicles has been significantly important for automotive manufacturers to minimize the high fuel consumption by reducing the overall weight. In this study, the flow behavior of AA5754 sheet metal has been discussed by conducting uniaxial tensile tests at five different temperatures (RT, 200, 250, 300, 350 degrees C) and three strain rates (0.001, 0.01, 0.05 s(-1)). Additionally, the capability of Fields and Backofen (F&B) and Voce hardening rules in describing the flow behavior of AA5754 at different temperatures and strain rates has been investigated by conducting uniaxial tensile tests in finite element analysis. It has been found that the main deformation mechanisms for the AA5754 are the strain hardening mechanism up to 250 degrees C, strain hardening and dynamic recovery mechanisms at 300 degrees C, dynamic recrystallization and strain hardening mechanisms at 350 degrees C. While the F&B hardening rule has been able to successfully capture the flow behavior of AA5754 up to 250 degrees C with a 14.36% error, its capability has significantly reduced after 250 degrees C due to its incapability of describing the effects of dynamic recovery and recrystallization. Voce hardening model has been better able to describe the flow behavior of AA5754 at all the temperature levels than F&B model due to its saturation behavior.
