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Öğe Acrylamide applied during pregnancy causes the neurotoxic effect by lowering BDNF levels in the fetal brain(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2018) Erdemli, Mehmet Erman; Aladag, M. Arif; Altinoz, Eyup; Demirtas, Sezin; Turkoz, Yusuf; Yigitcan, Birgul; Bag, Harika GozukaraObjectives: The aim of this study is to elucidate the possible mechanism of neurotoxic effect of acrylamide (AA) applied during pregnancy on fetal brain development and to show the effect of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on AA toxicity. Materials and methods: Four groups were formed with 9 pregnant rats each as control (C), acrylamide (AA), N-acetylcysteine (NAC), acrylamide plus N-acetylcysteine (AA plus NAC) groups. Caesarian section was implemented on the 20th day of pregnancy. Malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels were analyzed and histopathologic examinations were performed in brain tissues of the fetuses. Results: Our data indicated that AA caused necrotic death and hemorrhagic damages in fetal brain tissue with decreasing BNDF levels and increasing oxidative stress. N-acetylcysteine prevented the toxic effects of its on fetal brain (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Our study indicated that acrylamide has toxic effects in the fetal brain and N-acetylcysteine prevents its toxic effect.Öğe Ameliorative effects of crocin on tartrazine dye-induced pancreatic adverse effects: a biochemical and histological study(Springer Heidelberg, 2021) Erdemli, Zeynep; Altinoz, Eyup; Erdemli, Mehmet Erman; Gul, Mehmet; Gozukara, Harika; Gul, SemirThe present study aimed to analyze the impact of tartrazine (T) and crocin (Cr) applications on the pancreas tissues of the Wistar rats. A total of 40 Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups with 10 rats in each group, including the Control, T, Cr, and T + Cr groups. After 3 weeks of application, the pancreatic tissues of the rats were removed under anesthesia and rat blood samples were obtained. Tissues were analyzed with biochemical and histopathological methods. It was determined that T administration increased malondialdehyde (MDA), total oxidant status (TOS), oxidative stress index (OSI), glucose, triglyceride, LDL, VLDL, and total cholesterol levels. However, it decreased reduced glutathione (GSH), total antioxidant status (TAS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and HDL levels when compared with the other groups. It was observed that Cr administration significantly increased GSH, SOD, CAT, TAS, and HDL levels when compared with the control group. In the T group, histopathological changes were observed in pancreatic tissue, leading to damages in exocrine pancreas and islets of Langerhans and increased caspase-3 immunoreactivity (p <= 0.001). Co-administration of Cr and T brought the biochemical and histopathological findings closer to the control group levels. The administration of T induced damage in the pancreas with the administered dose and frequency. Cr can increase the antioxidant capacity in pancreas tissue. Co-administration of T and Cr contributed to the reduction of the toxic effects induced by T. It could be suggested that Cr administration ameliorated T toxicity.Öğe Ameliorative effects of crocin on the inflammation and oxidative stress-induced kidney damages by experimental periodontitis in rat(Mashhad Univ Med Sciences, 2021) Erdemli, Zeynep; Erdemli, Mehmet Erman; Gul, Mehmet; Altinoz, Eyup; Gul, Semir; Kocaman, Gulhan; Kustepe, Elif KayhanObjective(s): The present study aimed to investigate the effects of periodontitis on kidneys and the protective role of crocin in periodontitis-induced kidney damage. Materials and Methods: Ethics committee approval was obtained and 30 Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups of 10 rats: Control (C), Periodontitis (P), and Periodontitis + Crocin (P + Cr). After the treatments, rat kidney tissues were incised under anesthesia and blood samples were collected. Biochemical and histopathological analyses were conducted on the samples. Results: Malondialdehyde (MDA), total oxidant status (TOS), and oxidative stress index (OSI) increased in P group rat kidney tissues; urea, creatinine, Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin 1 beta (IL-1 beta) levels increased in the serum; glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and total antioxidant status (TAS) levels were reduced in rat kidney tissues, and renal histopathology deteriorated. In the P + Cr group, we observed improvements in biochemical and histopathological parameters when compared with the P group. Conclusion: Periodontitis (P) led to deterioration in oxidative stress parameters and histopathology by increasing the oxidants in kidney tissue. P also led to inflammation in the blood of the rats. Periodontitis + Crocin (P + Cr) administration alleviated the effects of P due to powerful antioxidant anti-inflammatory properties. Cr could be employed as a protective agent in P-induced inflammation and oxidative damage.Öğe Biochemical investigation of the toxic effects of acrylamide administration during pregnancy on the liver of mother and fetus and the protective role of vitamin E(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2017) Erdemli, Mehmet Erman; Altinoz, Eyup; Aksungur, Zeynep; Turkoz, Yusuf; Dogan, Zumrut; Bag, Harika GozukaraObjectives: To investigate the toxic effects occurring in the liver tissues of the pregnant rats and the fetuses, which are administered acrylamide and vitamin E as a protector during pregnancy. Materials and methods: This research was conducted with the permission of Laboratory Animals Ethical Board of Inonu University Faculty of Medicine. Forty rats, of which their pregnancy is validated via vaginal smear, were distributed into five different groups. On the 20th day of pregnancy, pregnant rats and fetuses are decapitated. Malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS) and xanthine oxidase (XO) levels were measured in the liver samples taken from mother and fetuses. Results: It was detected that acrylamide administered during pregnancy increased MDA, TOS, XO levels statistically significantly and decreased the GSH level (p <= 0.05) in the pregnant rat liver tissue when compared to all other groups. In the vitamin E administered group; GSH, TAS levels significantly increased statistically and TOS and XO levels dropped to levels of the control group (p <= 0.05), in comparison to all other groups. Among all groups, no biochemical changes were observed in the fetus liver tissue (p > 0.05). Conclusion: The liver of pregnant rats functions as a protective pre-filter by detoxifying acrylamide effectively and the acrylamide that reaches fetus liver is detoxified by the cytochrome P-450 system of the fetus liver. To be able to figure out the biochemical mechanism, more advanced studies are needed.Öğe Can crocin play a preventive role in Wistar rats with carbon tetrachloride-induced nephrotoxicity?(Mashhad Univ Med Sciences, 2018) Erdemli, Mehmet Erman; Gul, Mehmet; Altinoz, Eyup; Aksungur, Zeynep; Gul, Semir; Bag, Harika GozukaraObjective(s): To investigate protective role of crocin by attempting to create nephrotoxicity with carbon tetrachloride. Materials and Methods: Ethics committee approval was obtained and 50 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups that included 10 rats each: Control, Corn oil, Crocin, Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), and Crocin + Carbon tetrachloride. Following the experiments, the rats were decapitated under anesthesia and incised kidney tissues were subjected to biochemical and histological examinations. Results: In the CCl4 administered group, MDA, TOS, Bun, and creatinine levels increased, GSH, SOD, CAT, and TAS levels decreased (P <= 0.05), glomerular collapse in kidney sections, narrowing and local occlusion in Bowman's space in certain glomeruli, inflammatory cell infiltration and congestion were observed when compared to all other groups. There was a significant decrease in increased MDA, TOS, Bun, and creatinine levels, and a significant increase in decreased GSH, SOD, CAT, and TAS levels in CCl4 + crocin administered group compared to the CCl4 group (P <= 0.05), local minimal glomerular damage, tubular damage, inflammatory infiltration, and vascular collagen symptoms were observed in kidney sections, however significant improvement was observed in damage findings when compared to the CCl4 group. Conclusion: At this dose and time interval, against a highly toxic chemical such as CCl4, crocin was able to suppress oxidative stress by playing a protective role in the kidney tissue.Öğe Crocin (active constituent of saffron) improves CCl4-induced liver damage by modulating oxidative stress in rats(Walter De Gruyter Gmbh, 2019) Cosgun, Binnaz Elif; Erdemli, Mehmet Erman; Gul, Mehmet; Gul, Semir; Bag, Harika Gozukara; Erdemli, Zeynep; Altinoz, EyupBackground: CCl4 is a widely used xenobiotic for the purpose of causing liver damage in experimental studies. In this study, we aimed to reveal the effects of crocin on liver injury caused by CCl4 via free radical scavenging properties. Materials and methods: Animals were divided into five groups of 10: control; corn oil; crocin; CCl4 ; CCl4 + crocin. Tissue samples were carefully removed and separated for biochemical and histological investigations. Results: CCl4 administration led to significant increases in MDA, SOD, CAT and TOS in liver tissue, and AST, ALT and ALP levels in plasma (p <0.05). In addition, CCl4 caused significant decreases in GSH and TAS (p < 0.05). When animals were treated with crocin, high MDA, SOD, CAT, TOS levels, and AST and ALP activities decreased and GSH and TAS levels increased. Control group exhibited normal histological appearance; however extensive necrosis areas were detected in the CCl4 group. In the CCl4 +crocin group, pathological changes were markedly decreased and the appearance of liver tissue was almost similar to the control groups. Conclusion: Our results showed that crocin suppresses oxidative stress with antioxidant properties and has a protective effect on tissue damage caused by CCl4.Öğe Crocin attenuates oxidative and inflammatory stress-related periodontitis in cardiac tissues in rats(Wroclaw Medical Univ, 2021) Kocaman, Gulhan; Altinoz, Eyup; Erdemli, Mehmet Erman; Gul, Mehmet; Erdemli, Zeynep; Zayman, Emrah; Bag, Harika Gozde GozukaraBackground. Periodontitis, a chronic inflammatory disease affecting the supporting tissues around the teeth, causes significant inflammatory and oxidative changes in cardiac tissue. Crocin is the active constituent of Crocus sativus (saffron) which has antioxidant properties and is protective against cardiovascular disturbances. Objectives. The present study aimed to investigate the protective effects of crocin on periodontitis-induced oxidative/inflammatory cardiac degeneration in rats in vivo. Materials and methods. Thirty female Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: control group, periodontitis group (PD) and periodonditis plus crocin group (PD+Cr). Experimental periodontitis was induced by placing silk ligatures on the maxillary second molar teeth for 30 days. Afterward, crocin (100 mg/kg body weight/day) was administered to the PD+Cr group and saline was administered to the PD group and the control group for 15 days. The subjects were sacrificed on the 45th day. Results. Histological and biochemical analyses demonstrated that inducing periodontitis caused obvious damage to cardiac tissues which was significantly ameliorated by crocin (p < 0.05). Significant improvements in bone resorption parameters (cross-linked C-telopeptide of type I collagen and bone alkaline phosphatase) were also observed in the PD+Cr group (p < 0.05). In addition, crocin caused significant reductions of malondialdehyde levels and total oxidant score while antioxidant levels (glutathione, superoxide dismutase, total antioxidant score, and catalase) were significantly higher in PD+Cr group (p < 0.05). Conclusions. This study reveals that periodontitis may cause oxidative damage in cardiac tissue and crocin improves periodontitis-induced degenerative changes in heart tissue, which is associated with its antioxidant properties.Öğe The effects of acrylamide and vitamin E on kidneys in pregnancy: an experimental study(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2019) Erdemli, Mehmet Erman; Aksungur, Zeynep; Gul, Mehmet; Yigitcan, Birgul; Bag, Harika Gozukara; Altinoz, Eyup; Turkoz, YusufObjectives: The objective of this study is to investigate possible damages to kidney tissues of pregnant rats and their fetuses exposed to acrylamide during pregnancy and possible protective effects of vitamin E against these damages. Material and methods: Rats were randomly assigned to five groups of control, corn oil, vitamin E, acrylamide, vitamin E + acrylamide, six pregnant rats in each. Mother and fetal kidney tissues were examined for malondialdehyde (MDA), reductase glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), urea, creatine, trace elements such as Zn and Cu in the serum and histopathological analyses were conducted. Results: It was determined that acrylamide, administered during pregnancy, statistically significantly increased MDA and TOS levels, maternal serum urea, creatinine, and Zn levels, while it decreased GSH, TAS, SOD, and CAT levels (p <= .05) when compared with all other groups in the kidney tissues of pregnant rats and their fetuses and caused tubular degeneration, hemorrhage, narrowing, and closure in Bowman's space, and, in the E vitamin group, it statistically significantly increased GSH, TAS, SOD, CAT, urea, creatinine, and Zn levels when compared with other groups and lowered TOS and MDA levels to those of the control group (p < .05) and there were no differences between the groups histologically. Conclusion: It was observed that acrylamide administered during pregnancy caused oxidative stress in kidney tissues of mother rats and their fetuses, resulting in tissue damage, and vitamin E application, which is considered to be a powerful antioxidant, inhibited oxidative stress.Öğe Hepatoprotective effects of crocin on biochemical and histopathological alterations following acrylamide-induced liver injury in Wistar rats(Elsevier France-Editions Scientifiques Medicales Elsevier, 2017) Gedik, Sema; Erdemli, Mehmet Erman; Gul, Mehmet; Yigitcan, Birgul; Bag, Harika Gozukara; Aksungur, Zeynep; Altinoz, EyupThe objective of the present study is the treatment of oxidative damage caused by acrylamide induced oxidative stress in rats with the administration of a strong antioxidant, namely crocin. High acrylamide (AA) levels have genotoxic, carcinogenic and neurotoxic effects on living organisms. In the present study, 40 Wistar rats were randomly divided into four equal groups. These groups were control, acrylamide (25 mg/kg), crocin (50 mg/kg), acrylamide + crocin (25 mg/kg acrylamide and 50 mg/kg crocin) groups. At the end of the application, biochemical and histological variations were examined in liver and blood samples. It was observed that acrylamide administration significantly decreased liver GSH and TAS levels when compared to the control group. On the contrary, it was also observed that AST, ALT, ALP, SOD and CAT activities and TOS and MDA levels increased as a result of acrylamide administration. Histopathological examinations demonstrated inflammatory cell infiltration, hepatocellular necrosis and hemorrhage areas in AA group liver sections. Furthermore, intracytoplasmic vacuolization was detected in hepatocytes. After crocin treatment, it was observed that GSH and TAS levels increased while AST, ALT, ALP, SOD and CAT activities and TOS and MDA levels decreased. Significant decreases were observed in inflammatory cell infiltration and vascular congestion in liver sections and intracytoplasmic vacuolization in hepatocytes after the crocin treatment, while no hepatocellular necrosis and hemorrhages were observed. In the present study, it was demonstrated that crocin treatment removed acrylamide induced liver damage due to the strong antioxidant properties of crocin.Öğe Investigation of wet cupping therapy's effect on oxidative stress based on biochemical parameters(Elsevier Science Inc, 2019) Ersoy, Suleyman; Altinoz, Eyup; Benli, Ali Ramazan; Erdemli, Mehmet Erman; Aksungur, Zeynep; Bag, Harika Gozukara; Engin, Velittin SelcukIntroduction: Wet cupping therapy is one of the main applications which has been used in the Unani medicine system. Current literature explaining how this traditional treatment method works is still limited. The aim of this study was to investigate whether wet cupping therapy could affect reactive oxygen species and antioxidant levels. Methods: This was a single arm pre and posttest intervention study conducted in Karabuk University Teaching and Research Hospital (KUTRH) between 1st January and 1st May 2018. Twenty-four participants were included. Wet Cupping Therapy was applied to all individuals once every month for three months. Venous blood samples were collected before the first (Venousl) and after the last application (Venous 2) and cupping blood samples were collected during the first and last applications. Malondialdehyde (MAD) and total oxidant status (TOS) which both indicate oxidation; glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), total antioxidant status (TAS), catalase (CAT) activities that indicate antioxidant effect, and protein levels were measured on the obtained serums. Results: The highest MDA and TOS levels and the lowest TAS, GSH, SOD and CAT levels were found in initial cupping blood. Significant improvement was observed in second cupping blood for these parameters when compared to initial values. We also found that MDA and TOS levels, as well as TAS, GSH, SOD and CAT levels, all changed favorably in the Venous 2 blood sample compared to the Venous 1 (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Wet cupping therapy seems a promising method for increasing antioxidant levels and curbing oxidative stress.Öğe Prevention of toxic effects of orally administered tartrazine by crocin in Wistar rats(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2021) Altinoz, Eyup; Erdemli, Mehmet Erman; Gul, Mehmet; Erdemli, Zeynep; Gul, Semir; Turkoz, YusufTartrazine is used in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food industries worldwide, despite its many toxic effects. The therapeutic effects of crocin (50mg/kg/day) against tartrazine-induced (500mg/kg/day) oxidative damage in ileum and colon tissues in rats have been investigated. Malondialdehyde and total oxidant status levels elevated by tartrazine within the ileum and colon tissues were reduced with crocin treatment, while tartrazine decreased antioxidative parameters (glutathione, total antioxidant status, superoxide dismutase, and catalase) were reverted. Tartrazine-induced histopathological changes of ileum and colon tissues were ameliorated following crocin treatment. In conclusion, Tartrazine consumption elicited tissue injury via lipid peroxidation, and crocin ameliorated oxidative injury by its antioxidant and free radical scavenger properties.Öğe Protective effects of crocin on acrylamide-induced testis damage(Wiley, 2021) Gul, Mehmet; Kayhan Kustepe, Elif; Erdemli, Mehmet Erman; Altinoz, Eyup; Gozukara Bag, Harika Gozde; Gul, Semir; Gokturk, NurcanExposure to acrylamide (Ac) through food is almost inevitable and this kind of toxicity may cause lifelong harm. In present study, we researched effects of Crocin (Cr) on testis histopathology in Ac-induced testis of rats. Adult male rats were grouped as: group 1, 1 ml saline only; group 2, 50 mg/kg Cr only; group 3, 25 mg/kg Ac only and group 4, 25 mg/kg Ac + 50 mg/kg Cr. All administrations were given as 1 ml/day by gavage for 21 days. It was found that Ac adversely influenced the levels of FSH, testosterone and LH in the blood serum; malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant status (TOS), oxidative stress index (OSI)/ glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), total antioxidant status (TAS) oxidant/antioxidant parameters in testis tissue (p < .01) and the histopathological parameters like Johnson's score, seminiferous tubule diameter, seminiferous epithelial height and H-score for caspase-3 immunoreactivity. In contrary, Cr treatment resulted in increase in testosterone, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizan hormone (LH) levels and SOD, CAT, GSH, TAS levels (p < .01) and improved all the histopathological changes. In conclusion, Cr has a promising protective potential against Ac-caused toxic damages in testicular tissue.Öğe The protective role of crocin in tartrazine induced nephrotoxicity in Wistar rats(Elsevier France-Editions Scientifiques Medicales Elsevier, 2017) Erdemli, Mehmet Erman; Gul, Mehmet; Altinoz, Eyup; Zayman, Emrah; Aksungur, Zeynep; Bag, Harika GozukaraThe present study was conducted to investigate the changes in rat kidney tissues after administration of tartrazine (T) and crocine (Cr). The latter was applied for its protective properties. The present study was conducted with the approval of Inonu University, Faculty of Medicine, Experimental Animals Ethics Committee. Forty rats were randomly divided into 4 equal groups (Control, T, Cr, T + Cr). At the end of the experiment, the rats were decapitated. Biochemical and histopathological studies were conducted on excised rat kidney tissues. It was determined that there was a significant increase in MDA, TOS, SOD, CAT, Bun, Creatinine levels in tartrazine administered rat kidney tissues for 21 days, while GSH and TAS levels decreased (P <= 0.05) when compared to all other groups. On the other hand, it was identified that Cr administration statistically significantly increased GSH and TAS levels in rat kidney tissues when compared to all other groups and decreased MDA and TOS levels to control group levels (P < 0.05). T group kidney sections exhibited different degrees of collapse in the glomeruli. In most sections, different levels of inflammatory cell infiltration and vascular and capillary congestion were detected in peritubular interstitial tissue. It was determined that T leads to adverse effects on rat kidney tissues. Administration of Cr + T prevented T induced nephrotoxicity. Thus, it was concluded that Cr could be utilized as a new type of anti-tartrazine toxicity agent.Öğe Vitamin E effects on developmental disorders in fetuses and cognitive dysfunction in adults following acrylamide treatment during pregnancy(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2021) Erdemli, Zeynep; Erdemli, Mehmet Erman; Turkoz, Yusuf; Yigitcan, Birgul; Aladag, Mehmet Arif; Cigremis, Yilmaz; Cirik, Rumeyza HilalWe investigated the effects of acrylamide (AA) and vitamin E treatment during pregnancy on brain tissues of fetuses and on adult rats. Pregnant rats were divided into five groups: control, corn oil, vitamin E, AA, vitamin E +AA. The rats administered AA received10 mg/kg/day and those administered vitamin E received 100 mg/kg/day both by via oral gavage for 20 days. On day 20 of pregnancy, half of the pregnant rats were removed by cesarean section in each group. Morphological development parameters were measured in each fetus and histopathological, biochemical and genetic analyses were conducted on the fetuses. The remaining pregnant rats in each group gave birth to the fetuses vaginally and biochemical, histopathological, genetic and cognitive function tests were conducted when the pups were 8 weeks old. AA administration caused adverse effects on fetus number, fetal weight, crown-rump length, placenta and brain weight. AA negatively affected malondialdehyde, reduced glutathione, total oxidant and antioxidant status, brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels, brain tissue morphology, histopathology error score and gene expression (BDNF/beta-actin mRNA ratio) in fetuses. AA administration caused disruption of biochemical, histopathological and cognitive functions in adult rats. Vitamin E provided protection against neurotoxicity in both fetuses and adult rats. We conclude that exposure to AA during pregnancy should be avoided and adequate amounts of antioxidants, such as vitamin E, should be consumed.
