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    Ameliorative effects of crocin on tartrazine dye-induced pancreatic adverse effects: a biochemical and histological study
    (Springer Heidelberg, 2021) Erdemli, Zeynep; Altinoz, Eyup; Erdemli, Mehmet Erman; Gul, Mehmet; Gozukara, Harika; Gul, Semir
    The present study aimed to analyze the impact of tartrazine (T) and crocin (Cr) applications on the pancreas tissues of the Wistar rats. A total of 40 Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups with 10 rats in each group, including the Control, T, Cr, and T + Cr groups. After 3 weeks of application, the pancreatic tissues of the rats were removed under anesthesia and rat blood samples were obtained. Tissues were analyzed with biochemical and histopathological methods. It was determined that T administration increased malondialdehyde (MDA), total oxidant status (TOS), oxidative stress index (OSI), glucose, triglyceride, LDL, VLDL, and total cholesterol levels. However, it decreased reduced glutathione (GSH), total antioxidant status (TAS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and HDL levels when compared with the other groups. It was observed that Cr administration significantly increased GSH, SOD, CAT, TAS, and HDL levels when compared with the control group. In the T group, histopathological changes were observed in pancreatic tissue, leading to damages in exocrine pancreas and islets of Langerhans and increased caspase-3 immunoreactivity (p <= 0.001). Co-administration of Cr and T brought the biochemical and histopathological findings closer to the control group levels. The administration of T induced damage in the pancreas with the administered dose and frequency. Cr can increase the antioxidant capacity in pancreas tissue. Co-administration of T and Cr contributed to the reduction of the toxic effects induced by T. It could be suggested that Cr administration ameliorated T toxicity.
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    Ameliorative effects of crocin on the inflammation and oxidative stress-induced kidney damages by experimental periodontitis in rat
    (Mashhad Univ Med Sciences, 2021) Erdemli, Zeynep; Erdemli, Mehmet Erman; Gul, Mehmet; Altinoz, Eyup; Gul, Semir; Kocaman, Gulhan; Kustepe, Elif Kayhan
    Objective(s): The present study aimed to investigate the effects of periodontitis on kidneys and the protective role of crocin in periodontitis-induced kidney damage. Materials and Methods: Ethics committee approval was obtained and 30 Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups of 10 rats: Control (C), Periodontitis (P), and Periodontitis + Crocin (P + Cr). After the treatments, rat kidney tissues were incised under anesthesia and blood samples were collected. Biochemical and histopathological analyses were conducted on the samples. Results: Malondialdehyde (MDA), total oxidant status (TOS), and oxidative stress index (OSI) increased in P group rat kidney tissues; urea, creatinine, Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin 1 beta (IL-1 beta) levels increased in the serum; glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and total antioxidant status (TAS) levels were reduced in rat kidney tissues, and renal histopathology deteriorated. In the P + Cr group, we observed improvements in biochemical and histopathological parameters when compared with the P group. Conclusion: Periodontitis (P) led to deterioration in oxidative stress parameters and histopathology by increasing the oxidants in kidney tissue. P also led to inflammation in the blood of the rats. Periodontitis + Crocin (P + Cr) administration alleviated the effects of P due to powerful antioxidant anti-inflammatory properties. Cr could be employed as a protective agent in P-induced inflammation and oxidative damage.
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    Crocin (active constituent of saffron) improves CCl4-induced liver damage by modulating oxidative stress in rats
    (Walter De Gruyter Gmbh, 2019) Cosgun, Binnaz Elif; Erdemli, Mehmet Erman; Gul, Mehmet; Gul, Semir; Bag, Harika Gozukara; Erdemli, Zeynep; Altinoz, Eyup
    Background: CCl4 is a widely used xenobiotic for the purpose of causing liver damage in experimental studies. In this study, we aimed to reveal the effects of crocin on liver injury caused by CCl4 via free radical scavenging properties. Materials and methods: Animals were divided into five groups of 10: control; corn oil; crocin; CCl4 ; CCl4 + crocin. Tissue samples were carefully removed and separated for biochemical and histological investigations. Results: CCl4 administration led to significant increases in MDA, SOD, CAT and TOS in liver tissue, and AST, ALT and ALP levels in plasma (p <0.05). In addition, CCl4 caused significant decreases in GSH and TAS (p < 0.05). When animals were treated with crocin, high MDA, SOD, CAT, TOS levels, and AST and ALP activities decreased and GSH and TAS levels increased. Control group exhibited normal histological appearance; however extensive necrosis areas were detected in the CCl4 group. In the CCl4 +crocin group, pathological changes were markedly decreased and the appearance of liver tissue was almost similar to the control groups. Conclusion: Our results showed that crocin suppresses oxidative stress with antioxidant properties and has a protective effect on tissue damage caused by CCl4.
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    Crocin attenuates oxidative and inflammatory stress-related periodontitis in cardiac tissues in rats
    (Wroclaw Medical Univ, 2021) Kocaman, Gulhan; Altinoz, Eyup; Erdemli, Mehmet Erman; Gul, Mehmet; Erdemli, Zeynep; Zayman, Emrah; Bag, Harika Gozde Gozukara
    Background. Periodontitis, a chronic inflammatory disease affecting the supporting tissues around the teeth, causes significant inflammatory and oxidative changes in cardiac tissue. Crocin is the active constituent of Crocus sativus (saffron) which has antioxidant properties and is protective against cardiovascular disturbances. Objectives. The present study aimed to investigate the protective effects of crocin on periodontitis-induced oxidative/inflammatory cardiac degeneration in rats in vivo. Materials and methods. Thirty female Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: control group, periodontitis group (PD) and periodonditis plus crocin group (PD+Cr). Experimental periodontitis was induced by placing silk ligatures on the maxillary second molar teeth for 30 days. Afterward, crocin (100 mg/kg body weight/day) was administered to the PD+Cr group and saline was administered to the PD group and the control group for 15 days. The subjects were sacrificed on the 45th day. Results. Histological and biochemical analyses demonstrated that inducing periodontitis caused obvious damage to cardiac tissues which was significantly ameliorated by crocin (p < 0.05). Significant improvements in bone resorption parameters (cross-linked C-telopeptide of type I collagen and bone alkaline phosphatase) were also observed in the PD+Cr group (p < 0.05). In addition, crocin caused significant reductions of malondialdehyde levels and total oxidant score while antioxidant levels (glutathione, superoxide dismutase, total antioxidant score, and catalase) were significantly higher in PD+Cr group (p < 0.05). Conclusions. This study reveals that periodontitis may cause oxidative damage in cardiac tissue and crocin improves periodontitis-induced degenerative changes in heart tissue, which is associated with its antioxidant properties.
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    Prevention of toxic effects of orally administered tartrazine by crocin in Wistar rats
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2021) Altinoz, Eyup; Erdemli, Mehmet Erman; Gul, Mehmet; Erdemli, Zeynep; Gul, Semir; Turkoz, Yusuf
    Tartrazine is used in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food industries worldwide, despite its many toxic effects. The therapeutic effects of crocin (50mg/kg/day) against tartrazine-induced (500mg/kg/day) oxidative damage in ileum and colon tissues in rats have been investigated. Malondialdehyde and total oxidant status levels elevated by tartrazine within the ileum and colon tissues were reduced with crocin treatment, while tartrazine decreased antioxidative parameters (glutathione, total antioxidant status, superoxide dismutase, and catalase) were reverted. Tartrazine-induced histopathological changes of ileum and colon tissues were ameliorated following crocin treatment. In conclusion, Tartrazine consumption elicited tissue injury via lipid peroxidation, and crocin ameliorated oxidative injury by its antioxidant and free radical scavenger properties.
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    Protective effect of crocin on food azo dye tartrazine-induced hepatic damage by improving biochemical parameters and oxidative stress biomarkers in rats
    (Aepress Sro, 2019) Velioglu, Cigdem; Erdemli, Mehmet E.; Gul, Mehmet; Erdemli, Zeynep; Zayman, Emrah; Bag, Harika G.; Altinoz, Eyup
    The objective of the present study was to demonstrate the protective effect of crocin on the adverse effects of tartrazine on liver. Crocin is a carotenoid and a strong free radical scavenger. Forty rats were randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 10). The first group was the control group (C) and saline solution was administered to this group. The second group (Cr) was administered 50 mg/ kg crocin. The third group (T) was administered 500 mg/kg tartrazine. The fourth group (T+Cr) was administered the same doses of both crocin and tartrazine as the previous groups for 21 days. It was determined that tartrazine increased liver superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, malondialdehyde (MDA) and total oxidant status (TOS) levels and catalase (CAT) activity, decreased glutathione (GSH), and total antioxidant status (TAS) levels. Furthermore, tartrazine administration resulted in significant increases in plasma aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities and pathological changes in the liver. When tartrazine administered rats were treated with crocin for 21 days, the biochemical parameters improved, and liver tissues were restored. Thus, it was demonstrated that crocin had protective effects on the adverse effects caused by tartrazine administration.
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    Vitamin E effects on developmental disorders in fetuses and cognitive dysfunction in adults following acrylamide treatment during pregnancy
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2021) Erdemli, Zeynep; Erdemli, Mehmet Erman; Turkoz, Yusuf; Yigitcan, Birgul; Aladag, Mehmet Arif; Cigremis, Yilmaz; Cirik, Rumeyza Hilal
    We investigated the effects of acrylamide (AA) and vitamin E treatment during pregnancy on brain tissues of fetuses and on adult rats. Pregnant rats were divided into five groups: control, corn oil, vitamin E, AA, vitamin E +AA. The rats administered AA received10 mg/kg/day and those administered vitamin E received 100 mg/kg/day both by via oral gavage for 20 days. On day 20 of pregnancy, half of the pregnant rats were removed by cesarean section in each group. Morphological development parameters were measured in each fetus and histopathological, biochemical and genetic analyses were conducted on the fetuses. The remaining pregnant rats in each group gave birth to the fetuses vaginally and biochemical, histopathological, genetic and cognitive function tests were conducted when the pups were 8 weeks old. AA administration caused adverse effects on fetus number, fetal weight, crown-rump length, placenta and brain weight. AA negatively affected malondialdehyde, reduced glutathione, total oxidant and antioxidant status, brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels, brain tissue morphology, histopathology error score and gene expression (BDNF/beta-actin mRNA ratio) in fetuses. AA administration caused disruption of biochemical, histopathological and cognitive functions in adult rats. Vitamin E provided protection against neurotoxicity in both fetuses and adult rats. We conclude that exposure to AA during pregnancy should be avoided and adequate amounts of antioxidants, such as vitamin E, should be consumed.