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    Effect of Indium on Wettability of Sn-2Ag-0,5Cu-1In Quaternary Pb-Free Solder Alloy
    (TUBITAK, 2019) Erer, A.M.; Uyanik, O.; Türen, Y.
    This study reports the investigation on indium addition into Sn–3Ag-0.5Cu (SAC305) ternary Pb-free solder alloy to evole its varied performances. The effects of indium addition on wettability of the solder alloy was studied. The experimental results exhibited that when the addition of indium was 1.0 wt.%, the change in melting temperature of Sn–2Ag-0.5Cu–1In (SAC-1In) solder was negligible, but the contact angles (?) of the solder alloy decreased which were measured by using of the sessile drop method at various temperatures (250, 280 and 310 °C) on Cu substrate in Ar atmosphere. Inter-metallic phases, microstructures, and melting temperatures of alloy was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM + EDX), and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), and effects of the amount of In on microstructure were investigated. The lowest ? was obtained as 35,55° at 310 °C. The formation of intermetallic compounds (IMC’s) between the Pb-free solder alloy and the Cu substrate was observed. As a result, the studies show that the wetting capability of Sn–2Ag-0.5Cu–1In quaternary solder alloy is better than Sn–3Ag-0.5Cu ternary alloy. © 2019, TUBITAK. All rights reserved.
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    Indoor radon concentration measurements for University of Karabük building using Cr-39 detector
    (American Institute of Physics Inc., 2023) Aal-Shabeeb, K.H.M.; Erer, A.M.; Agduk, S.; Kanbur, U.; Oguz, S.; Çakmak, N.
    Radon concentration for the summer seasons of 2020 was measured in 12 buildings of Karabük University / Karabük governorate / Turkey using the passive technique. Solid state nuclear track detectors (CR-39) were used for calculating the track of alpha particles emitted from the decay of radon. The results of 222Rn concentration for ground and underground showed that the lowest value was 8.547 Bq/m3 in Literature Faculty (LF) building, and the highest value was 83.498 Bq/m3 in Foreign Language High School (LHS) building. All radon concentrations are within the acceptable concentrations for natural exposure by International Committee of Radiation Protection [ICRP, 2009]. Annual effective dose (AED), lung cancer cases per year per million person (CPPP), potential alpha energy concentration (PAEC), the dose rate for soft tissues, the dose rate for the lungs and the effective dose equivalent rate have a range of 0.216 - 2.107 mSv/y, 0.634x10-2 - 6.19x10-2 per million person, 1.04 - 10.155 mWL, 0.043 - 0.417 nGy/h, 0.342 - 3.340 nGy/h and 1.538 - 15.030 nGy/h respectively, which are all below the recommended limits by the international agencies [UNSCEAR & ICRP]. © 2023 Author(s).
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    Measurement of outdoor Radon Concentrations in Soil Samples collected from Karabuk University in Turkey by using CR-39 Detector
    (IOP Publishing Ltd, 2021) Mahdi, K.H.; Erer, A.M.; Kanbur, U.; Agduk, S.; Oguz, S.; Cakmak, N.
    In this work, radon gas concentration in (35) samples of soil collected from Karabuk University in Turkey was measured by using nuclear track detector (CR-39). The content of radium, the rate of surface exhalation and the rate of mass exhalation have been assessed. The concentrations of radon were varied from (16.348 Bq.m-3) to (196.988 Bq.m-3). Results indicate that the equivalent content of radium varied from (0.386245 Bq.kg-1) to (4.654255 Bq.kg-1). The exhalation rate for surface varied from (0.002007 Bq.m-1.h-1) to (0.023031 Bq.m-1.h-1). The exhalation rate for mass varied from (0.000319 Bq.kg-1.h-1) to (0.00366 Bq.kg-1.h-1). All the obtained results found to be less than the corresponding limits for the world. Thus, based on the radon gas concentration and radiation, the equivalent content of radium (CRa), exhalation rate for the area (EArea) and exhalation rate for the mass (EMass) in this area have no risk to the human's health. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.