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Öğe Assessment of groundwater quality for drinking and irrigation purposes in Karabuk province, Turkey(Springer, 2020) Esmeray, Ertugrul; Gokcekli, CemalettinWith the increasing environmental pollution, access to clean water has become an important issue all over the world. Therefore, it is quite important to obtain new water resources or to use existing resources more effectively. In this regard, the usability of groundwater for drinking and irrigation use was investigated in Karabuk province in Turkey. The locations of wells in Karabuk province were determined and the effects of industrial and agricultural pollution on groundwater were evaluated. Groundwaters were sampled at 22 different sampling points to determine the effects of industrial pollution on water quality. Samples were collected seasonally (wet and dry season) during the 12-month project from selected sampling points. Flow rate, temperature (T), pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved matter (TDS) and pH measurement were performed in situ for the determination of groundwater quality. Analyses of major ions (Ca, Mg, Na, K, CO3, HCO3, CI, SO4), trace elements (B, Li, Sr, Fe, Mn, Cu, Pb, Zn, As, Se, Ag, Hg, Cr, Cd, Co.), nitrite (NO2) and nitrate (NO3) in water samples are carried out to investigate chemical properties. As a result of the analyses the following parameters were found to be elevated in groundwater during the wet season: pH (up to 9.62), sulphate (476 mg/l) and iron (0.28 mg/l). Elevated levels of the following parameters were also measured in the dry season: pH (up to 9.77), sulphate (up to 614 mg/L), nitrate (up to 50.50 mg/l) and iron (up to 0.439 mg/l). All other values of measured parameters were found to be below the upper limits in terms of drinking water. Evaluation of the study data showed that, only well (K5) was found to be in the Usable-Doubtful class for irrigation during the wet season.Öğe THE EFFECTS OF CHEMICAL CLEANING APPLICATIONS ON THE USEFUL LIFE OF POLYAMIDE MEMBRANES IN REVERSE OSMOSIS SYSTEMS(Health & Environment Assoc, 2017) Esmeray, Ertugrul; Yilmaz, MustafaThe Reverse Osmosis systems which are widely used in seawater and brackish water may have economically advantages but if it is used efficiently during the working of useful membranes life. The organic and the inorganic contaminants which is in the reverse osmosis feed flow occasionally cause the plug of the surface of the membranes. It's encountered soon or later this situation effects the system of the reverse osmosis productivity negatively. The applications which are done in a better way of the pre-treatment and pre-conditioning is not enough to overcome the plug but put back the formation process. It's necessary to clean the membranes with using suitable methods and suitable chemicals to cure the plug. In the present study, it's aimed to evaluate the negative effects of chemicals using in order to clean polyamide membranes and cleaning procedures. Through the aim of the present study, the membranes problems that are inorganic fouling and biofilms cleaning procedures involving polyamide membranes limited values of chemicals are dealt together. As results of evaluations, it's understood that for necessity of efficient cleaning acidic and alkaline chemicals take an important part cause shortening the efficient usage life.Öğe GIS-based mapping and assessment of noise pollution in Safranbolu, Karabuk, Turkey(Springer, 2021) Esmeray, Ertugrul; Eren, SercanIn this study, it is aimed to determine and map the noise pollution levels in Safranbolu District Center, especially in the regions where motor vehicle and/or pedestrian traffic is intense. Forty-seven measurement points were selected for noise level measurements at the district center. Measurements were conducted at morning (8 a.m.-10 a.m.), lunchtime (12 p.m.-2 p.m.) and evening (6 p.m.-8 p.m.) hours of weekdays and weekends throughout the seasons of summer 2017 and winter 2018. The summer season weekdays noise level ranges from 41.3 to 71.2 dBA in the morning period, 40 to 71.2 dBA in the noon period and 40.6 to 73.1 dBA in the evening. The summer season weekend noise level ranges from 45.3 to 69.1 dBA in the morning period, 44.7 to 71.4 dBA in the noon period and 41.6 to 70.9 dBA in the evening. The result showed that the level of summer season weekday and weekend noise pollution in the morning, noon and evening is close to each other. In addition, the winter season weekdays noise level ranges from 32.3 to 68.5 dBA in the morning period, 30.8 to 73.3 dBA in the noon period and 37.4 to 72.9 dBA in the evening. The winter season weekend noise level ranges from 37.2 to 65.8 dBA in the morning period, 40 to 71.3 dBA in the noon period and 40.5 to 69.7 dBA in the evening. The result showed that the level of winter season weekdays and weekend noise pollution in the noon is generally higher than morning and evening. The obtained data are compared with the limit values specified in the Environmental Hazard Assessment and Management Regulation. The hazardous noise level, which is considered as the threshold for causing physiological problems on humans, was determined to be exceeded at many locations. This situation may cause significant negative consequences on human health, quality of life and tourism sector. Obtained data were processed, and noise pollution levels for the city of Safranbolu were mapped using a geostatistical analysis software. In total, 16 noise pollution maps were drawn for different situations (e.g., weekdays, weekend, daytime, noon, night, summer season, winter season, etc.). Obtained noise level results demonstrate that the overall quality of the acoustic environment in our study area was medium level, which means that exposure to these levels over a long period can affect human health and quality of life. Finally, the results of a survey conducted as a part of this study were given, and possible measures and suggestions to reduce these noise levels in the district down to the desired limit values were discussed.Öğe MOBILE APPLICATION PROJECT FOR SHARING INSTANTANEOUS&LOCATION BASED PHOTOGRAPHS FOR MAKING ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING MORE EFFECTIVE IN TURKEY(Health & Environment Assoc, 2018) Esmeray, Ertugrul; Savas, SinanEnvironmental pollution and related problems are the first ones among the problems that humankind need to worry because of their results and the need to find immediate solutions. For preventing and monitoring environmental pollution, traditional ways such as denunciation lines are lacking efficiency. As technology got developed and used more widely, smartphones and mass communication terms got more into our lives. As an alternative to the existing methods in order to prevent and fight environmental pollution; a mobile application that lets people to share environmental pollution with photographs by providing time and location information. It was aimed to build a bridge between the prevention of and fighting against environmental pollution and to make mass fights possible. By using the mobile application, people can take pictures of environmental pollution acts, can add comments and captions then share with authorized bodies and other users. After sharing, pictures are stored in the cloud system and via the web interface that we created, authorized local bodies can see those acts with the location and time information, on a map. With this application, environmental pollution acts can be monitored 24/7, immediately.Öğe Utilization of sewage sludge, oven slag and fly ash in clay brick production(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2019) Esmeray, Ertugrul; Ats, MustafaIt is intended in this study, evaluation of sewage sludge in construction sector. Sewage sludge (SS) is a serious problem in terms of environment and human health. When the past studies were examined about brick production, it was seen that the sewage sludge was used as a raw material in the production of brick. It is therefore thought that clay brick should be substituted with fly ash (FA) and oven slag (OS), which are also sources of environmental problems. Two different temperatures (900 degrees C and 1050 degrees C) were studied. Waste materials have been added to clay birck at rates of %5, %10, %15. 10 different mixtures with different proportions of waste materials were produced. Semi-quantitative chemical analysis (XRF), SEM analysis and atterberg limit experiments were has been performed on the materials used. Results of plasticity water, drying shrinkage, glow loss, water absorption, porosity, unit volume weight, density, compressive strength, thermal conductivity coefficient were determined for the sample were determined. SEM analysis was also has been applied to determine the microstructures of the samples. When examining SEM images of the raw materials, it was seen that SS is scattered, OS is spherical and FA is glassy and long molecular structure. In this study also determined that the increase in curing temperature has a positive effect as in the literature. Although the pressure values and sem images of the sewage sludge and oven slag samples may be suitable for use, this result could not be obtained in other experiments. In addition that, The sewage sludge has made a negative effect on the strength of the brick. However, it is suggested that using of the sewage sludges in the construction sector and researches should be continued. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
