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Öğe Bisphenol AF Caused Reproductive Toxicity in Rats and Cineole Co-Treatment Exhibited Protective Effect(Springer Heidelberg, 2024) Uyar, Ahmet; Cellat, Mustafa; Kanat, Ozgur; Etyemez, Muhammed; Kutlu, Tuncer; Deveci, Mehmet Zeki Yilmaz; Yavas, IlkerBisphenol AF (BPAF) is increasingly used and now found in products intended for human consumption. The protective effect of 1,8-cineole (CIN) against BPAF-induced reproductive toxicity was investigated. Four groups were created, with each group consisting of eight rats: control, BPAF (200 mg/kg), CIN (200 mg/kg), and BPAF + CIN groups. The results demonstrated that the BPAF group exhibited a decline in testosterone levels and a decrease in sperm parameters compared with the control. Additionally, higher levels of MDA were observed, along with lower levels of GSH and GPx activity. CAT activity also decreased slightly. Tnf-alpha, Nf-kappa B levels were significantly higher, and caspase-3 expression was elevated, while PCNA expression decreased. BPAF significantly increased tissue degeneration compared with the control. However, the BPAF + CIN group showed statistically significant improvements in sperm parameters, except for concentration. They also exhibited an increase in testosterone levels and an improvement in MDA and GSH levels compared with the BPAF group. However, GPx activity partially enhanced. Tnf-alpha and Nf-kappa B levels were significantly reduced, and caspase-3 levels declined while PCNA and Bcl-2 levels increased. The Johnsen Testicular Biopsy score showed a substantial increase. Overall, these results suggest that CIN co-treatment in rats enhanced reproductive health and exhibited antioxidant, antiapoptotic, and anti-inflammatory properties against BPAF-induced testicular damage.Öğe Carvacrol showed a curative effect on reproductive toxicity caused by Bisphenol AF via antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic properties(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2023) Uyar, Ahmet; Cellat, Mustafa; Kanat, Ozgur; Etyemez, Muhammed; Kutlu, Tuncer; Deveci, Mehmet Yilmaz Zeki; Yavas, IlkerBisphenol AF (BPAF) is an endocrine disruptor, and human exposure to these chemicals is growing in industrialized nations. BPAF has been demonstrated in studies to have toxic effects on reproductive health. This study examined the effects of oral exposure to BPAF on the reproductive system and the protective effects of carvacrol in rats. From 32 Wistar albino rats, four separate groups were set up for this purpose. Carvacrol 75 mg/kg and BPAF 200 mg/kg were administered by oral gavage method. Rat sperm parameters and serum testosterone levels were measured after 28 days of administration. The study looked at the MDA in the testis tissues, as well as CAT, GPx, and GSH as antioxidants parameters, NF-& kappa;B and TNF-& alpha; as inflammatory markers, caspase-3 and Bcl-2 as apoptosis parameters, and PCNA as cell proliferation markers. In addition, testis tissues underwent histological evaluation. As a result, in rats exposed to only BPAF, sperm counts declined, testosterone levels reduced, oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis increased, and cell proliferation decreased. Furthermore, severe disruptions in tissue architecture and decreased spermatogenesis were reported. In contrast, sperm parameters improved, testosterone levels increased, oxidative stress and inflammation decreased, and apoptosis was prevented in the carvacrol-treated group compared to the BPAF-only group. It was also found that spermatogenesis was maintained, and structural abnormalities in testicular tissue were mostly avoided with an increase in PCNA expression. According to the findings, despite BPAF-induced testicular and reproductive toxicity, carvacrol had therapeutic potential due to its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, cell proliferation-increasing, and anti-apoptotic activities.Öğe The effect of tyrosol on diclofenac sodium-induced acute nephrotoxicity in rats(Wiley, 2024) Comez, Mehmet; Cellat, Mustafa; Kuzu, Muesluem; Uyar, Ahmet; Turk, Erdinc; Kaya, Yusuf Selim; Etyemez, MuhammedAlthough diclofenac (DCF) is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug that is considered safe, its chronic use and overdose may show some toxic effects. The protective effect of tyrosol (Tyr) pretreatment against DCF-induced renal damage was investigated in this study. The 32 rats used in the study were randomly divided into four groups of eight rats each. According to the data obtained, it was determined that creatinine, urea, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels increased in serum samples of the DCF group. Besides, the levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity decreased and the malondialdehyde (MDA) level increased in the kidney tissue. However, no change was observed in catalase (CAT) activity. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappa B), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (Tnf-alpha) levels increased and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf-2) levels decreased. No change was detected in the level of interleukin 1 beta (IL-1 beta). When the DCF+Tyr group and the DCF group were compared, it was assessed that Tyr had a curative effect on all biochemical parameters. Also, kidney damages, such as degeneration and necrosis of tubular epithelium and congestion of veins, were obviated by treatment with tyrosol in histopathological examinations. It was determined that Tyr pretreatment provided a protective effect against nephrotoxicity induced by DCF with its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.Öğe Investigation of the effects of safranal on the experimentally created rheumatoid arthritis model in rats(Wiley, 2022) Cellat, Mustafa; Isler, Cafer T.; Kutlu, Tuncer; Kuzu, Muslum; Etyemez, Muhammed; Alakus, Halil; Guvenc, MehmetRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic chronic disease characterized by inflammation and synovitis. More effective treatment methods with less side effects need to be developed. In this context, current study investigated the therapeutic effects of safranal in a model of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced RA. The control group was given 1 ml of saline orally starting from the 8th day, and 0.2 ml of CFA was given to the RA, RA + Safranal and RA + Methotrexate (MTX) groups on the 0th day of the experiment. Starting from the 8th day of the experiment, 1 ml of saline was given to the RA group, safranal was given at 200 mg/kg of body weight to the RA + MTX group, and 3 mg/kg of MTX to the RA + MTX group twice a week. The results showed that weight gain decreased in the RA group compared to the control group while arthritis index score, thymus index, and planter temperature were found to be increased. Additionally, a deterioration in blood parameters, an increase in alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, urea, creatinine, C-reactive protein, and malondialdehyde levels, and a decrease in reduced glutathione levels and glutathione peroxidase and catalase (CAT) activities were seen while tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6 (IL-6), cyclooxygenase-2, nuclear factor kappa B levels were found to be increased. However, the safranal had a regulatory effect on all the values, except IL-6 and CAT, and blood parameters. Moreover, histopathological examination revealed that safranal reduced inflammatory cell infiltration and edema.Öğe Protective effect of Smilax excelsa L. pretreatment via antioxidant, anti-inflammatory effects, and activation of Nrf-2/HO-1 pathway in testicular torsion model(Wiley, 2022) Cellat, Mustafa; Isler, Cafer Tayer; Uyar, Ahmet; Kuzu, Muslum; Aydin, Tuba; Etyemez, Muhammed; Turk, ErdincThe protective effects of the ethanol extract of Smilax excelsa L. (SE) leaves were investigated on testicular tissue of rats with a torsion model in this study. The chemical composition of the extract was detected by means of liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). SE extract was given for 21 days before torsion was created in the treatment group. The sperm parameters of the torsion group were impaired, and there was an increase in MDA level as well as a decrease in GSH level and GPx activity compared to the control group. TNF-alpha and NF-kappa B levels in the torsion group increased as compared to those in the control group. The expression levels of Nrf-2 and HO-1 were lower in the torsion group than those in the control group. The SE pretreatment group has improved sperm, oxidative stress, and inflammatory markers when compared to the torsion group, and the Nrf-2/HO-1 pathway was activated. Practical applications Smilax excelsa L. is a plant with economic value used in traditional medicine in the treatment of stomachache, bloating, and breast cancer in Northwest Anatolia. It has an antioxidant effect due to the flavonoids and anthocyanins it contains. The protective effect against ischemia-reperfusion-induced tissue and reproductive damage in testicular tissue were demonstrated with the study. When the histological examinations of the tissues were evaluated, it was found that morphological structure of the tissues was retained in the treatment group. The findings indicate that SE prevents tissue damage in the torsion model by antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects and activating Nrf-2/HO-1 pathway.Öğe Safranal's therapeutic effects in rat models of polycystic ovary syndrome(Springernature, 2024) Cellat, Mustafa; Kuzu, Muslum; Guvenc, Mehmet; Yuksel, Murat; Kanat, Ozgur; Bozkurt, Yesim Akaydin; Etyemez, MuhammedPolycystic ovary syndrome is one of the leading causes of female infertility in reproductive age. In this work, the protective effects of safranal against letrozole-induced polycystic ovary syndrome in rats were examined. For this purpose, 32 Wistar albino female rats were split into four groups. Each group received the following treatments for 21 days: Group 1 received carboxymethylcellulose (1%, 2 ml/kg); Group 2, letrozole (1 mg/kg), Group 3, safranal (200 mg/kg); and Group 4 letrozole and safranal via oral gavage. We identified estrus cycles in the rats and analyzed various parameters in their serum and ovarian tissues, as well as histopathologic findings. The parameters studied included C-reactive protein, glucose, total cholesterol, triacylglyceride, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, follicle-stimulating hormone, estradiol, and luteinizing hormone levels in serum. Additionally, the study measured malondialdehyde, glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase levels in ovarian tissue. We also examined tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6, and interleukin-1beta parameters in serum and ovarian tissues, as well as nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor-2 and heme oxygenase-1 protein levels. In the letrozole group, the estrus cycle was disrupted, and all parameters, except for glutathione and glutathione peroxidase, showed impairments compared to the control group. The findings showed that glucose, triacylglyceride, catalase, and heme oxygenase-1 levels slightly improved after safranal treatment, however, other parameters showed statistically significant improvements. Furthermore, safranal treatment reduced the development of cystic follicles while preserving tissue architecture, as revealed by histopathologic findings. Based on the results obtained, it may be argued that safranal's antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, along with its ability to regulate sex hormone levels and manage dyslipidemia, make it a promising solution for patients with polycystic ovary syndrome.Öğe Tyrosol improves ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthma in rat model through prevention of airway inflammation(Springer, 2021) Cellat, Mustafa; Kuzu, Muslum; Isler, Cafer Tayer; Etyemez, Muhammed; Dikmen, Nursel; Uyar, Ahmet; Gokcek, IshakAsthma is an inflammatory disease that affects many people around the world, especially persons at paediatric age group. The effectiveness of tyrosol, a natural phenolic compound, was examined in the asthma model induced by ovalbumin (OVA). For this purpose, four groups, each consisting of eight rats, were arranged. For 21 days, physiological saline solution was treated to the control group and OVA was treated to the groups of OVA, OVA + dexamethasone (Dexa) and OVA + tyrosol groups, intraperitoneally and through inhalation. Additionally, 0.25 mg/kg Dexa was treated to the OVA + Dexa group and 20 mg/kg tyrosol to the OVA + tyrosol group by oral gavage. Serum, blood, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung tissues of the rats were examined. It was observed that MDA level decreased, GSH level and GPx activity increased, and there was no change in CAT activity in lung tissues of the tyrosol treatment groups. It was also observed that NF-kappa B, TNF-alpha, IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, IFN-gamma and IgE levels decreased compared to the OVA group in lung tissue and serum samples except for serum NF-kappa B and IL-4. However, no effect on IL-1 beta level was observed. In addition, it was determined that tyrosol treatment increased the IL-10 level on both tissue samples. The results of the histopathological investigation of lung tissue showed that tyrosol significantly ameliorated OVA-induced histopathological lesions. Additionally, PAS staining showed that mucus hypersecretion was significantly reduced with the use of tyrosol. In addition, it was determined that the number of eosinophils decreased significantly in blood and BALF samples. The obtained results showed that tyrosol possessed antioxidant and anti-inflammatory features on OVA-induced rats and preserved tissue architecture.Öğe Tyrosol improves ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthma in rat model through prevention of airway inflammation (Jul, 10.1007/s00210-021-02117-y, 2021)(Springer, 2021) Cellat, Mustafa; Kuzu, Muslum; Isler, Cafer Tayer; Etyemez, Muhammed; Dikmen, Nursel; Uyar, Ahmet; Gokcek, Ishak[No abstract available]
