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    DESIGN AND OPERATION OF RENEWABLE ENERGY-BASED MICROGRID: UNIVERSITY OF KIRKUK AS A CASE STUDY
    (2024-06) Falih, Hind Muthanna Falih
    The main objective of this thesis is to establish the optimum system parameters and energy partitioning among the different components in a power grid with microgrid functionality under normal and abnormal operating conditions. It wants a solution that is technically, economically, and environmentally realizable for the continuous supply of power at any load level even under conditions without grid supply. the various study in the literature review provides configurations for microgrids, but no one looks at solutions when there is an electrical outage which allows us to consider a knowledge gap. Given the lack of work in this field, a literature review was used to develop an investigation through which Homer Pro could be employed to design and analyze microgrids for Kirkuk University located in Iraq. The microgrid is composed of solar PV, wind turbines, diesel generator (DG), battery storage, and grid connection to achieve maximum renewable energy penetration and minimum greenhouse gas emission. The principal difficulty was the adjustment of the search to concrete requirements using ready-made software. This was addressed with a new method to build smart search spaces over every component in the power source by doing so, the search space is constrained to predefined boundaries that maximize additional generation with the lowest cost and emissions while at the same time scheduling them when they are most needed thereby keeping power sources balanced as close to their optimal-operation point for meeting demand loads of the university. A grid supply ranged from 0% to 10% of the total load while renewable resources had a range between 90 and up to 100%. For this study, we used an upper-limit annual capacity shortage at no more than about a percent of what could be provided. This configuration allows for other microgrid generation to fill in gaps when the grid goes down, maintaining balance either by alternative power sources or by disconnecting an equivalent load amount. During power outages, the controller logic was programmed to control how power will flow. The optimization of this system involved the use of real-time weather conditions as well as load profiles. This research had three distinct stages: knowledge scope and design objectives, designing the microgrid and its search space, and collecting results plus their validation. the current power system was simulated, the new search space and without search space technique was used, and islanding mode without the grid was done in four different test cases. By determining optimal parameters and power shares for a technically, environmentally, and economically optimal solution, the results confirmed the study’s aims that Case Two demonstrated many advantages. Technically, it meets the demand in both normal and abnormal conditions and provides energy sold to the grid every month. Economically, despite a slight increase in costs compared to case three, the cash flow was positive, making the investment profitable. Environmentally, the technique significantly reduces greenhouse gas emissions. Compared to the other cases, case three was unprofitable and increased emissions, while case one was costly and produced high greenhouse gas levels, and case four was unreliable with a high unmet demand. Thus, case two shows clear benefits in terms of technology, economy, and environment, making it the optimal choice. the participation rate of the national grid in the second case was 7.72%, and the percentage of renewable energy was 92.28%, 58.9% for wind energy and 33.3% for solar energy.