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    Investigation of life cycle CO2 emissions of the polycrystalline and cadmium telluride PV panels
    (Elsevier B.V., 2020) Yildiz, G.; Çalis, B.; Gürel, A.E.; Ceylan, I.
    The importance of energy increases in human life with the development of technology. However, most of the world's energy needs are still met by fossil fuels. The interest in renewable energy is increasing due to the increase in demand for fossil fuels, their limitedness, and environmental damage. Solar energy, which is an unlimited and clean energy source, is among the most popular renewable energy sources. Solar energy is used by processes such as heating and electricity generation. In this study, the emission amount of polycrystalline and cadmium telluride (CdTe) photovoltaic (PV) panels to the environment during the life cycle were compared. During the life cycle, the amount of emission released to the environment during the production, recycling, and electricity generation of the panel was determined. In addition, energy payback times of these two PV types were calculated. The emission amount for both of 1 m2 polycrystalline and CdTe PV panel throughout the life cycle was determined to be 201.4 and 115.04 kg?CO2, respectively. Besides, the average energy payback period of the polycrystalline panel is 0.92 years, while it is 0.57 years for the CdTe panel. In addition, the emission amount of the solar panel and the natural gas-powered thermal power plant known as a clean energy source were compared. As a result, a huge difference was observed between the emission amount released by the PV panel to the environment and the emission released as a result of the energy produced by the thermal power plant under the same conditions during its 17-year lifetime. PV panel saves 1.72 tons of CO2 emissions compared to the thermal power plant, and so PV panels appear to be 9.52 times more environmentally friendly. © 2020 Elsevier B.V.
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    Solarmeter Design for High Solar Radiation Measurement and Experimental Validation
    (TUBITAK, 2019) Ergün, A.; Ceylan, I.; Aydin, M.; Gürel, A.E.; Koçbulut, G.
    In this study, a solar meter was designed to measure high solar radiation. The solar meter uses the characteristic properties of a solar cell in order to measure solar radiation. In this way, measurements can be carried out without any limitations. The solar radiation equation was entered into the ARDUINO microcontroller in the solar meter, and the results were compared through another commercial solar meter. These results were entered into STATGRAPHIC software and three different functions with high regression values were obtained. These three functions were entered into the Arduino microcontroller and the experiments were repeated. According to the comparisons made using commercial device, R2 values were determined as 0.944, 0.936, 0.938, and 0.986 for the first equation and for three different functions, respectively. Based on the values obtained, it has been determined that the solar meter can make highly accurate measurements and after the development of appropriate functions, it can be employed especially in high solar radiation concentrated systems. © 2019, TUBITAK. All rights reserved.