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    Effects of a new stirrup hook on the behavior of reinforced concrete beams
    (Techno-Press, 2024) Garip, Zehra Sule; Erdem, Furkan
    The primary aim of this study is to introduce an innovative configuration for stirrup hooks in reinforced concrete beams and analyze the impact of factors such as stirrup spacing, placement, and hook lengths on the structural performance of reinforced concrete beam elements. A total of 18 specimens were produced and subjected to reversed cyclic loading, with two specimens serving as reference specimens and the remaining 16 specimens utilizing a specifically developed stirrup hook configuration. The experiment used reinforced concrete beams scaled down to half their original size. These beams were built with a shear span-to-depth ratio of 3 (a/d=3). The experimental samples were divided into two distinct groups. The first group comprises nine test specimens that consider the contribution of concrete to shear strength, while the second group consists of nine test specimens that do not consider this contribution. The preparation of reference beam specimens for both groups involved the utilization of standard hooks. The stirrup hooks in the test specimens are configured with a 90-degree angle positioned at the midpoint of the bottom section of the beam. The criteria considered in this study included the distance between hooks, hook angle, stirrup spacing, hook orientation, and hook length. In the experimental group examining the contribution of concrete on shear strength, it was noted that the stirrup hooks of both the R1 reference specimen and specific test specimens displayed indications of opening. However, when the contribution of concrete on shear strength was not considered, it was observed that none of the stirrup hooks proposed in the R0 reference specimen and test specimens showed any indications of opening. Neglecting the contribution of concrete in the assessment of shear strength yielded more favorable outcomes regarding structural robustness. The study found that the strength values obtained using the suggested alternative stirrup hook were similar to those of the reference specimens. Furthermore, all the test specimens successfully achieved the desired strengths.
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    The effects of the foam and FGM distributions on thermomechanical buckling response of sandwich plates
    (Springer Wien, 2024) Esen, Ismail; Garip, Zehra Sule; Eren, Erhan
    This study investigates the thermomechanical buckling properties of sandwich plates containing functionally graded layers, isotropic layers, and foam core layers. The sinusoidal high order shear theory is employed as a modeling tool to accomplish this objective. The energy equation of the sandwich plate is utilized by incorporating the displacement and strain of each layer into the equations of motion. Moreover, the equation accounts for the nonlinearity of temperature escalation. The sandwich plate is created by layering functional grading and/or applying ceramic Si3N4 (silicon nitride) and metal Inconel718 material in an isotropic manner. This approach is used to analyze five distinct plate behaviors. This study examines five symmetrical sandwich plates, which is a departure from previous research. Some models include a foam core layer with a void fraction of 60%. The analysis findings suggest that the foam void ratio, foam distribution within the layer height, and the materials used for different layer types have a significant impact on the buckling behavior of the sandwich plate.
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    Neural network based model for seismic assessment of existing RC buildings
    (Techno-Press, 2013) Caglar, Naci; Garip, Zehra Sule
    The objective of this study is to reveal the sufficiency of neural networks (NN) as a securer, quicker, more robust and reliable method to be used in seismic assessment of existing reinforced concrete buildings. The NN based approach is applied as an alternative method to determine the seismic performance of each existing RC buildings, in terms of damage level. In the application of the NN, a multilayer perceptron (MLP) with a back-propagation (BP) algorithm is employed using a scaled conjugate gradient. NN based model wasd eveloped, trained and tested through a based MATLAB program. The database of this model was developed by using a statistical procedure called P25 method. The NN based model was also proved by verification set constituting of real existing RC buildings exposed to 2003 Bingol earthquake. It is demonstrated that the NN based approach is highly successful and can be used as an alternative method to determine the seismic performance of each existing RC buildings.