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    Decolorization potential of reactive dyes by using galvanising industry's waste (aluminum hydroxide sludge) depending on dye chromophore
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2023) Aydin, Nesli; Cifci, Deniz Izlen; Gunes, Elcin; Gunes, Yalcin; Atav, Riza
    The galvanising industry's wastewater treatment facilities generate waste metal hydroxide. These sludges have the potential to be used to remove textile dyes from effluents. In this study, three reactive dyes, which are frequently used in cellulosic textile materials' dyeing, Remazol Turquoise Blue G 133% (CI RB21), Remazol Red 3B (CI RR23), and Remazol Red 3BS 133% (CI RR239) were used to investigate the color removal efficiency of aluminum hydroxide sludge (AHS) depending on dye chromophore. Adsorption studies were conducted under varying conditions of pH, initial dye concentrations, and AHS doses. The characteristics of the AHS were examined by SEM (EDX and DX-Mapping), BET, XRD, and FTIR. The maximum dye removal was achieved at pH 3 for CI RB21, and at pH 5 for CI RR239 and CI RR23. Over 90% of dye removal was obtained for CI RR239 and CI RB21, when the adsorbent dosages were 8 g/l and 5 g/l, respectively. For CI RR23, the highest color removal percentage was only 72.7%, when the dosage of adsorbent was 10 g/l. It was also determined that at 500 mg/l initial CI RB21 dye concentration, the removal percentage of CI RB21 reached 95%, while the maximum removal percentages (95% for CI RR239 and 68.3% for CI RR23) were achieved at the 200 mg/l and 100 mg/l initial dye concentrations for CI RR239 and CI RR23, respectively. In the study, it was observed that the number of sulfo groups affecting the ionic charge of dye molecules and molecular weights of the dyes have a significant effect on the dye removal efficiency.
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    Synthesis of ZnCl2 Activated Raising Powder of Cotton Fabrics for Acid and Basic Dye Adsorption: A Way to Reuse Cellulosic Wastes for Sustainable Production
    (Taylor & Francis Inc, 2022) Cifci, Deniz Izlen; Aydin, Nesli; Atav, Riza; Gunes, Yalcin; Gunes, Elcin
    In this study, Cl Basic Blue 9 (BB9) and Cl Acid Blue 193 (AB193) dyes were used to investigate the color removal efficiency of the carbon-based adsorbent material, ZnCl2-RP, which was obtained by activating the raising powder. The raising powder is a waste material that is generated in considerable amounts from the textile industry. The characterization of ZnCl2-RP was conducted by SEM-EDX, FTIR, XRD and BET analyses. As a result of this study, it was determined that ZnCl2-RP contains 4.15% of Zn. While no significant effect of pH on the adsorption of BB9 dye was observed in the experiments, the highest dye removal efficiency was achieved at pH 3. It was seen that Langmuir Isotherm for both dyes was more suitable than the Freundlich Isotherm and the q(max) values of the BB9 and AB193 dyes were 44.8 mg/g and 37.6 mg/g, respectively. Removal kinetics of both dyes were found in accordance with the pseudo-second order kinetics, and k(2) values for 50 mg/L dye concentration were 45.62 g/mg min and 5.31 g/mg min for BB9 and AB193, respectively. It is concluded that the raising powder generated in the textile industry can be used as a low-cost adsorbent for basic and acid dyes.