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    Analysis of two non-pharmacological pain management methods for vaccine injection pain in infants: A randomized controlled trial
    (Kare Publ, 2021) Gungor, Tugba; Ozturk Sahin, Ozlem
    Objectives: This study was performed to investigate the efficiency of local heat and cold application to decrease vaccine-associated pain among infants 2-6 months of age. Methods: This was a randomized controlled trial. The study universe comprised infants aged 2-6 months who were brought to 4 family health centers in the Safranbolu district of Karabuk Province, Turkey, for a pneumococcal vaccination June 1-November 30, 2016. A total of 96 infants (heat application: 31, cold application: 32, and control group: 33) were enrolled in the the study. The data were collected using an infant information form and the Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability (FLACC) pain scale. Results: The mean FLACC score of the infants was 5.531 +/- 1.934 in the cold application group, 8.710 +/- 1.346 in the heat application group, and 9.152 +/- 1.661 in the control group. The difference between the mean scores of the groups was statistically significant (KW=49.043; p=0.000). Conclusion: Local cold and heat application methods applied to the vaccination area before a pneumoccal vaccine reduced vaccine-associated pain in the infants, and the application of cold was more effective than heat.
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    HIV INFECTION AND THE TURKISH PEOPLE: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY ON THE PERCEPTIONS OF SAFRANBOLU INHABITANTS
    (Carbone Editore, 2013) Andsoy, Isil Isik; Gungor, Tugba; Sahin, Aysegul Oksay; Kar, Gulcan; Ergil, Perize; Inanmaz, Nurcan
    Objective: Knowledge and attitudes about HIV/AIDS were examined in a Muslim population living in the Safranbolu District of Turkey. Materials and methods: The survey was conducted over 431 participants in December 2011. A questionnaire, consisting of 47 questions, was used to measure the level of participants' knowledge and attitudes about HIV. Results: The findings indicated that the participants have sufficient knowledge of HIV and present positive attitudes toward persons living with HIV (PLWH). Nevertheless, 84% of participants stated that they would not sit in the same armchair with a PLWH, 60.3% that they would not kiss a PLWH. Mass media was the main source of information. More than half of the participants also stated their desire to learn more about HIV. Conclusions: Participants' levels of knowledge about HIV did not match their behaviors and attitudes about HIV. Due to this, education strategies to enhance knowledge levels and to develop positive attitudes toward PLWH should be employed.