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    Application of plant-based natural coagulant for sustainable treatment of steel and iron industrial wastewater, Karabuk, Turkey
    (Desalination Publ, 2023) Amr, Salem S. Abu; Abujazar, Mohammed Shadi S.; Karaagac, Sakine Ugurlu; Mahfud, Riyad; Alazaiza, Motasem Y. D.; Hamad, Rami J. A.
    This study examines the use of date stone powder-based plant natural coagulant in the treatment of iron and steel industrial effluent. Coagulation process was conducted using different dosage from date stone powdered (0.2-10 g/L) and different pH values (5-10) using orbital shaker at 200 rpm. The treatment efficiency was evaluated by examine the removal for chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids (TSS), ammonia-nitrogen (NH3-N), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), alu-minum (Al), and nickel (Ni). The maximal removal for COD, TSS, NH3-N, Mn, Fe, Zn, Al, and Ni were 59.4%, 99%, 92.1%, 87.1%, 97.7%, 94.8%, 65.8%, and 80.3%, respectively. Date stone powder has enormous promise as a plant-based natural coagulant for industrial effluent wastewater treatment and might be used to treat effluent from the iron and steel industries.