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    ENERGY ANALYSIS OF A FLAT PLATE SOLAR COLLECTOR USING CF-MWCNTS AND NONCF-MWCNTS/WATER NANOFLUIDS: A CFD BASED COMPARISON
    (2023-07) Hameedi, Abdulazeez Ahmed Hameedi
    Adding metallic particles to thermal fluid systems is a promising approach to enhance heat transfer, but the poor stability of suspensions containing micro-sized particles limits their applications. This study explores the use of newly developed mono nanofluids to replace conventional water-based fluids in flat plate solar collectors. The nanofluids assessed in this study are a combination of covalently functionalized-multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CF-MWCNTs) and non-covalently functionalized-multi-walled carbon nanotubes (NCF-MWCNTs) in distilled water as a base fluid, are expected to enhance fluid conductivity and boost thermal efficiency. The study examines the physical and thermal properties of the mono nanofluids, including stability, thermal conductivity, viscosity, specific heat capacity, and density.Various techniques such as FESEM, FTIR, Raman, and XRD characterized the morphology and dispersion stability of the functionalized materials. At the ultrasonic test time, the highest stability of nanofluids was achieved at 60 min. The measurement confirmed that covalent functionalization nanofluids (CF-MWCNTs) thermal conductivity was higher than non-covalent functionalization (NCF-MWCNTs), higher than distilled water. In conclusion, the growth in thermal conductivity and stability of (CF-MWCNTs) was higher than (NCF-MWCNTs), and the lowest viscosity was 6.4% higher than distilled water, while the best thermal conductivity improvement was (30.3%). The thermal efficiency of flat plate solar collectors with different working fluids, with and without nanoparticles, was tested at various volumetric flow rates (2 L/min, 3 L/min, and 4 L/min), using ASHRAE standard 93-2010. ANSYS software was used for simulation and multi-objective optimization of the performance of nanofluid-filled flat plate solar collectors. Indoor experiments were conducted to characterize CF-MWCNTs. The obtained results showed that the thermal efficiency of the flat plate solar collector was improved by 18.7% and 10.4% with 0.10 wt.% and 0.05 wt.% nanofluids, respectively, at an absorber flow rate of 4 L/min. The use of nanofluid at a flow rate of 4 L/min improved the thermal efficiency of the solar collector by 84% compared to conventional water-based fluids. Increasing the weight percentage of nanoparticles enhanced thermal energy gain and resulted in a higher fluid outlet temperature.