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Öğe Analysis of Molecular Resistance Mechanisms in Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) (Noctuidae: Lepidoptera) Populations Under Pyrethroid Stress in Turkey(Gazi Entomological Research Soc, 2014) Konus, Metin; Karaagac, Sakine Ugurlu; Iscan, MesudeHelicoverpa armigera (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a major pest of economically important crops such as cotton, tomato and soybean. In order to control this pest, pyrethroid insecticides have been extensively used in farming areas all over the world. However, applications of excessive amounts of these insecticides can result in resistance development in the field populations of H. armigera. Resistance to the pyrethroids, beta-cypermethrin and lambda cyhalothrin, was analysed using bioassays. It was found that a canakkale field population of H. armigera field showed low (2.1-fold) and moderate (14.5-fold) resistance levels for beta-cypermethrin and lambda-cyhalothrin, respectively. Furthermore, expressions of selected CYP450, GST and esterase genes of H. armigera canakkale field populations were compared to those of a susceptible strain using real-time PCR. Our results indicate that H. armigera reacts to pyrethroids mainly by increasing expression levels of CYP450s such as CYP9Al2 and CYP9A14. However, GST and esterase genes expression levels were not significantly altered in a field population. GSTs and esterases were also analyzed using biochemical assays. While GSTs and esterase genes were not found to be up-regulated in the real-time PCR, except GST-DCNB activity, the biochemical assays also showed no significant increases in enzyme activities in the canakkale field population as compared to the susceptible strain. Consequently, CYP9Al2 and CYP9A14 together with certain GSTs, catalyzing DCNB substrate, are proposed to be involved in the metabolic responses against beta-cypermethrin and lambda-cyhalothrin insecticides in field population of H. armigera from Turkey.Öğe Application of pinecones powder as a natural coagulants for sustainable treatment of industrial wastewater(Desalination Publ, 2022) Abujazar, Mohammed Shadi S.; Karaagac, Sakine Ugurlu; Ramadan, Hamza; Abu Amr, Salem S.; Alazaiza, Motasem Y. D.Utilization of pinecone powder as a plant-based natural coagulant for the treatment of iron and steel factory effluent was examined. The concentrations of chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids (TSS), ammonia-nitrogen (NH3-N), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), aluminum (Al), and nickel (Ni) in effluent wastewater were investigated. Results showed that the maximal removal of COD, TSS, NH3-N, Mn, Fe, Zn, Al, and Ni using pinecone powder were 83.3%, 99%, 83.9%, 86.8%, 93.7%, 89.7%, 73.7%, and 86.7%, respectively for effluent at natural pH 8 using a dosage of 3 g/L. The Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy result showed the existence of various functional groups involved in the coagulation process. Overall, this study shows that pinecone powder has enormous promise as a natural coagulant for water treatment and it could be utilized to treat effluent from iron and steel plants.Öğe Application of plant-based natural coagulant for sustainable treatment of steel and iron industrial wastewater, Karabuk, Turkey(Desalination Publ, 2023) Amr, Salem S. Abu; Abujazar, Mohammed Shadi S.; Karaagac, Sakine Ugurlu; Mahfud, Riyad; Alazaiza, Motasem Y. D.; Hamad, Rami J. A.This study examines the use of date stone powder-based plant natural coagulant in the treatment of iron and steel industrial effluent. Coagulation process was conducted using different dosage from date stone powdered (0.2-10 g/L) and different pH values (5-10) using orbital shaker at 200 rpm. The treatment efficiency was evaluated by examine the removal for chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids (TSS), ammonia-nitrogen (NH3-N), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), alu-minum (Al), and nickel (Ni). The maximal removal for COD, TSS, NH3-N, Mn, Fe, Zn, Al, and Ni were 59.4%, 99%, 92.1%, 87.1%, 97.7%, 94.8%, 65.8%, and 80.3%, respectively. Date stone powder has enormous promise as a plant-based natural coagulant for industrial effluent wastewater treatment and might be used to treat effluent from the iron and steel industries.Öğe Determination of organophosphate resistance status and mechanism in Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) from Turkey(Walter De Gruyter Gmbh, 2015) Karaagac, Sakine Ugurlu; Konus, MetinObjective: The objectives of this study were to determine resistance status to malathion and pirimiphos-methyl insecticides and to make biochemical analysis of resistance mechanism(s) developed to these insecticides in Sitophilus zeamais (S. zeamais) populations, collected from two different locations in Turkey. Two organophosphate insecticides, malathion and pirimiphos-methyl, were examined by bioassay using a discriminating dosage technique with impregnated filter papers. Mortality percentages were determined at the discriminating doses of these insecticides. In addition, esterase, glutathione S-transferase, and cytochrome P450 monooxygenase activities were also determined in this study in order to analyze detoxification mechanism(s) of tested insecticides in S. zeamais. Methods: Bioassay experiments of malathion and pirimiphos-methyl insecticides in S. zeamais populations were performed according to the IRAC susceptibility test method No:006. Furthermore, enzyme activities of esterases, cytochrome P450 monooxygenases, and glutathione S-transferases were determined by using biochemical assays. Results: The bioassay results of malathion and pirimiphos-methyl showed that only Kirikkale population of S. zeamais has resistance to both malathion and pirimiphos-methyl insecticides. However, no resistance was detected to malathion and pirimiphos-methyl insecticides in Samsun population of S. zeamais. Additionally, biochemical analysis displayed that while CYP450-PNOD activities showed an increase only in Kirikkale population (3.0-fold), EST-PNPA activities showed an increase only in Samsun population (1.3-fold). Finally, GST-CDNB activities increased both in Kirikkale (1.4-fold) and Samsun (2.2-fold) populations of S. zeamais compared to susceptible population. Conclusion: Consequently, cytochrome P450 monooxygenases and glutathione S-transferases seem to play a role in organophosphate resistance in Kirikkale population of S. zeamais from Turkey.Öğe DETERMINATION OF POSSIBLE DETOXIFICATION MECHANISMS OF INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE IN TRIBOLIUM CASTANEUM (HERBST) POPULATIONS FROM TURKEY(Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2016) Karaagac, Sakine Ugurlu; Konus, MetinRed flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), is one of important grain storage pests in the world. The pest contributes to maximum spoilage of the stored grains at larval and adult stages. Infestation by these beetles results in an unappealing smell due to the secretion of benzoquinones from abdominal glands. In order to protect the stored product from this pest loss, insecticides are commonly used all over the world including Turkey. As a consequence of repeated chemical treatments, many cases of insecticide resistance have been detected in the genus Tribolium around the world. In order to estimate resistance status of T. castaneum to organophosphate insecticides, impregnated filter paper bioassay method was used. It is important to know resistance status of insecticides for resistance management. Hence, resistance status of T. castaneum to malathion, pirimiphos-methyl, and chlorpyriphos methyl insecticides was determined. In addition, detoxification mechanism was analysed by determining glutathione S-transferase and esterase activities with biochemical assays. The objective of this study was to examine the susceptibility in two populations of T. castaneum from Turkey to different contact insecticides and to analyse possible role(s) of glutathione S-transferases and esterases in detoxification mechanism in tested populationsÖğe The effectiveness of rosehip seeds powder as a plant-based natural coagulant for sustainable treatment of steel industries wastewater(Desalination Publ, 2022) Abujazar, Mohammed Shadi S.; Karaagac, Sakine Ugurlu; Abu Amr, Salem S.; Fatihah, Suja; Bashir, Mohammed J. K.; Alazaiza, Motasem Y. D.; Ibrahim, EimanThis study aims to investigate the performance plant-based natural coagulant from rosehip seed powder in the treatment of iron and steel factory wastewater. The concentrations of COD, total suspended solids (TSS), ammonia-nitrogen (NH3-N), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), aluminum (Al), and nickel ( Ni) in effluent wastewater were examined. Coagulation investigations were carried out using an orbital shaker and a flocculation apparatus to investigate the effects of iron and steel factory effluent, pH, and rosehip seeds powder dosage on coagulation efficacy. The rosehip powder removes a large amount of COD, TSS, NH3-N, Mn, Fe, Zn, Al, and Ni from effluent at pH 8 with percentages of 86.1%, 99%, 79%, 86%, 91.7%, 90.6%, 73.7%, and 100%, respectively, at 1 g/L. The effects of pH ranges ranging from (5-10) reveal that the wastewater sample's natural pH (8) demonstrates the maximum practicable removal effectiveness. FTIR analysis revealed the presence of numerous functional groups involved in the coagulation process. One may argue that rosehip seed powder holds great potential as a natural plant-based coagulant for water treatment and could be used to treat effluent from iron and ste el factories.Öğe Enzyme Activities and Analysis of Susceptibility Levels in Turkish Tuta absoluta Populations to Chlorantraniliprole and Metaflumizone Insecticides(Springer, 2015) Karaagac, Sakine UgurluTuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), tomato leaf miner, is one of the most devastating insect pests that attack tomato crops. T. absoluta larvae destroy tomato plants by producing large galleries in tomato leaves and burrowing stalks, apical buds, green and ripe fruits. This larva causes a major economic effect on tomato industry. Insecticides are commonly used to control this pest in tomato fields. The aim of this study is to determine the susceptibility levels of T. absoluta populations and biochemical analysis of mechanism(s) involved in chlorantraniliprole and metaflumizone metabolism, registered in Turkey for use against T. absoluta. IRAC bioassay method was used to determine the resistance ratios of these insecticides. Resistance ratios ranged between 7.2-and 1.7-folds for chlorantraniliprole, and 4.0- and 1.8-folds for metaflumizone in T. absoluta field populations. NADPH-Cytochrome P450 reductase, glutathione S-transferase, and esterase activities were determined by conducting biochemical assays in field populations of T. absoluta. While NADPH Cytochrome P450 reductase activity showed an increase only in Antalya population (1.9-fold), glutathione S-transferase activity showed an increase only in Adana population (1.2-fold). However, esterase activities were increased both in Adana (1.3-fold) and Ankara (2.2-fold) populations of T. absoluta.Öğe Factorial design and optimization of pinecone seed powder as a natural coagulant for organic and heavy metals removal from industrial wastewater(Desalination Publ, 2023) Abujazar, Mohammed Shadi S.; Karaagac, Sakine Ugurlu; Abu Amr, Salem S.; Fatihah, Suja; Bashir, Mohammed J. K.; Alazaiza, Motasem Y. D.; Yusof, ArijVarious chemical coagulants have previously been used for wastewater treatment with substantial efficacy in eliminating heavy metals and other criteria. However, their economic effectiveness and the remnant of harmful chemical precipitates that pose hazards to human health and the environment. As a result, utilizing plant-based natural coagulants is seen as an alternative non-toxic, biodegradable, and ecologically beneficial strategy. This study aims to investigate the performance of pinecone seed powder as a natural coagulant in iron and steel factory wastewater treatment, as well as to optimize the operating parameters to determine the feasibility of employing pinecone seed powder in wastewater treatment. Using 0.6 g/200 mL pinecone as a controlling factor, pH, and settling time, the response surface methodology, a statistical experimental design was utilized to increase the chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammoniacal nitrogen (NH3-N), and heavy metals removal effimodels for the parameters specified were determined to be significant with a low probability.Öğe MONITORING OF INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE IN STORED PRODUCT PESTS IN TURKEY(Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2015) Karaagac, Sakine UgurluThe purpose of this study was to monitor insecticide resistance in populations of Sitophilus zeamais Motsch. and Sitophilus granarius (L.), Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) and Tribolium confusum du Val and Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) collected from different locations in Turkey. Three insecticides, malathion, chlorpyriphos-methyl, and pirimiphos-methyl were tested by using a discriminating dosage technique with impregnated filter papers. Mortality percentages were determined at the discriminating doses of insecticides. In Sitophilus spp. and Triboliim spp. discriminating doses for malathion and pirimiphos-methyl were used based on the IRAC susceptibility test method No:006. The others were used depending on the reference discriminating doses. The results obtained in these bioassays suggest that there was no insecticide resistance for chlorpyriphos-methyl in all tested species. For malathion, there was also no resistance other than Ankara strains of T. castaneum, S. zeamais and Karaman strains of S. zeamais. For pirimiphos-methyl, only the Ankara strain of R. dominica had resistance. Monitoring of resistance is important to adopt proper control measures for pest management for stored product pests.Öğe The potential use of olive seeds powder as plant-based natural coagulant for sustainable treatment of industrial wastewater(Desalination Publ, 2022) Karaagac, Sakine Ugurlu; Abujazar, Mohammed Shadi S.; Kopan, Mahmut; Abu Amr, Salem S.; Alazaiza, Motasem Y. D.The use of olive seed powder as a plant-based natural coagulant in treating iron and steel factory wastewater was studied. The concentrations of chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids (TSS), ammonia-nitrogen (NH3-N), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), aluminum (Al), and nickel (Ni) in effluent wastewater were investigated. Coagulation experiments on the effects of iron and steel factory wastewater, pH, and olive seed powder dosage on coagulation efficacy were conducted using an orbital shaker and a flocculation device. The maximum removal percentages of COD, TSS, NH3-N, Mn, Fe, Zn, Al, and Ni by olive seeds powder were 86.3%, 99%, 72.4%, 80.9%, 91.5%, 92.6%, 73.7%, and 84.3% for effluent at natural pH 8 using a 5 g/L dosage, respectively. The Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy study showed the presence of several functional groups involved in the coagulation process. It is possible to argue that olive seed powder has enormous potential as a plant-based natural coagulant for wastewater treatment and that it might be used to treat wastewater from iron and steel factories.Öğe Productivity modelling of an inclined stepped solar still for seawater desalination using boosting algorithms based on experimental data(Desalination Publ, 2022) Wazirali, Raniyah; Abujazar, Mohammed Shadi S.; Abujayyab, Sohaib K. M.; Ahmad, Rami; Fatihah, Suja; Kabeel, A. E.; Karaagac, Sakine UgurluSolar energy has recently become a viable option for desalinating seawater, primarily in arid regions. However, increasing the productivity of solar still by integrating experimental base and modelling methods is still subject to prediction errors; therefore, the main objective of this research is to postulate and test boosting algorithms for predicting the efficiency and productivity of the system. Five boosting regressors were deployed and evaluated: categorical boosting, adaptive boosting, extreme gradient boosting, gradient boosting machine, and gradient boosting machine (LightGBM). The proposed regressors are implemented based on the system's actual recorded dataset (consisting of 720 observations). The dataset consists of input variables, which are the wind speed (V), cloud cover, humidity, ambient temperature (T), solar radiation (SR), (T-io), (T-w), (T-v), and (T-t). Also, the output variable is represented by the productivity of the system. The dataset was separated into training (70%) and testing (30%) sets. In order to decrease regressors errors, hyperparameter optimization was employed. GradientBoosting approach provided the best prediction, with 95% R-2 accuracy and 39.57 root mean square error (RMSE) error. The LightGBM technique achieved 94% R-2 accuracy and 40.07 RMSE error in the testing dataset. The results reveal that GradientBoosting outperforms the cascaded forward neural network in predicting system productivity (CFNN).Öğe Real-time PCR analysis of pyrethroid resistance in Helicoverpa armigera from Turkey(Turkish Biochem Soc, 2014) Konus, Metin; Karaagac, Sakine Ugurlu; Iscan, MesudeAim: Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a polyphagous pest of a wide range of crops such as cotton, tomato and soybean. Pyrethroid insecticides have commonly used against it in agricultural areas, but excess amount applications of them result in resistance development in the field populations of H. armigera. Resistance development usually occurs with increased metabolism of certain enzymatic systems such as CYP450, GST and esterases. Therefore, expressions of selected CYP450, GST and esterase genes of H. armigera field populations (Adana and Mardin) were compared to those of a susceptible strain by real-time PCR method for analyzing role of these systems in pyrethroid resistance development of H. armigera. Material and Methods: Real-Time PCR Method Results: It was found that H. armigera reacts to pyrethroids mainly by increasing expressions of CYP9A14 gene together with CYP4S1 and CYP9A12 genes. However, analyzed GST and esterase genes expression were not significantly changed in field populations. Conclusion: Consequently, while CYP450 enzyme system is actively involved in pyrethroid resistance, GSTs and esterases enzyme systems don't seem to be actively involved in resistance development against pyrethroid insecticides in H. armigera field populations from Turkey.Öğe Recent advancement in the application of hybrid coagulants in coagulation-flocculation of wastewater: A review(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2022) Abujazar, Mohammed Shadi S.; Karaagac, Sakine Ugurlu; Abu Amr, Salem S.; D Alazaiza, Motasem Y.; Bashir, Mohammed J. K.Hybrid coagulants have recently received attention in water and wastewater treatment technologies mainly due to their cost-efficiency and exceptional performance. As such, this study highlights the recent advanced appli-cations of hybrid coagulants in wastewater treatment. The materials used for hybrid coagulants, such as those hybridised in chemical bond, structurally-hybridised, and functionally-hybridised under certain combination techniques (e.g., organic/inorganic, organic/organic, inorganic/inorganic, organic/natural polymer, inorganic/ natural polymer, organic/biopolymer, & inorganic/biopolymer), were evaluated and compared based on their applications on different type of wastewaters, experimental conditions, and treatment efficiency. The perfor-mance of inorganic/inorganic hybrid coagulation demonstrated high removal of turbidity (98.5%), chemical oxygen demand (COD) (73.3%), heavy metals (99.2%), and colour (98%) -seemingly better than organic removal efficiency. The optimum operational conditions for inorganic/organic coagulants at varied pH levels (6-12) lowered the cost for chemicals used for pH adjustment in treating industrial wastewater. Referring to the review outcomes, hybrid coagulation applications are indeed efficient for treatment of highly concentrated in-dustrial wastewater, such as oily wastewater.Öğe Removal of dimethoate from contaminated water using corncob and rice husk as low-cost materials(Desalination Publ, 2022) Karaagac, Sakine Ugurlu; Abudaia, Ahmed Mohamed RamdanThis research aims to evaluate the potential removal efficiency of dimethoate from aqueous solutions utilizing activated carbon (AC) derived from corncob and rice husk. First, researchers identified the structural and morphological features of produced corncob activated carbon (KOHCC) and rice husk activated carbon (KOHRH). To examine proximate analyses and characterize changes on the surfaces and structure of corncob following chemical activation with KOH, X-ray diffraction, scanning elec-tron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy were utilized. Second, the effects of sor-bet dose, sorbet beginning concentration, and contact duration on its usage were explored. Various sorption properties were investigated and compared to commercial activated carbon generated from bituminous coal. According to the findings, batch adsorption was carried out using dimeth-oate solutions ranging from 10 to 150 mg/L. The maximum removal percentage of dimethoate by KOHRH was 93.1% for 10 ppb and 93.9% for 100 ppb at 0.5 mg/100 mL. In contrast, the most sig-nificant removal effectiveness of dimethoate by KOHCC was 88.7% for 10 ppb at 0.4 mg/100 mL respectively. Therefore, dimethoate may be removed from water using KOHCC and KOHRH.Öğe Simulation assisted process simplification and energy recovery from a cryptic biological nutrient removal plant(Elsevier, 2024) Bodur, Minel; Ergin, Samet; Alkay, Taner; Kahraman, Seher; Selvi, Ercan; Ozyildiz, Goksin; Karaagac, Sakine UgurluIn this study, simulation-based analysis is conducted for nitrogen removal mechanism in a biological nutrient removal plant designed in an encrypted manner. In the first phase, the simulation study elucidates how nitrogen removal occurs in a complex design using a series of 4 carousel bioreactors with additional nitrate recycle. It is demonstrated that pre-anoxic volume fed with limited internal recirculation only would not be sufficient to meet the discharge Total Nitrogen (TN) limit of 10 mg N/L. However, the addition of simultaneous nitrification-denitrification (SND) processes in aerobic reactors enables compliance with TN discharge limits. In the second phase, the configuration is simplified by means of process simulation, where the complex design is streamlined by eliminating internal recycle while achieving nitrogen removal through the SND process. Plant data confirmed that the simplified configuration can achieve nitrogen removal providing the same discharge quality. The simulations resulted that TN concentration achieved at the plant effluent is comparable, while effluent total phosphorus concentration is decreased by approximately 50 % due to increased activity of Phosphorus Accumulating Organisms (PAOs) under reduced sludge retention time (SRT). In the third phase, the application of the SND process in the field using a simplified and new activated sludge configuration yields similar results to the simulation. According to plant records, 28 % energy savings and an equivalent chemical cost reduction of euro945,000 per year were achieved with the new process configuration.
