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Öğe A 3D CAMPUS INFORMATION SYSTEM - INITIAL STUDIES(Copernicus Gesellschaft Mbh, 2013) Kahraman, I.; Karas, I. R.; Alizadehasharfi, B.; Abdul-Rahman, A.This paper discusses the method of developing Campus Information System. The system can handle 3D spatial data within desktop and web environment. The method consists of texturing of building facades for 3D building models and modeling 3D Campus Information System. In this paper, some of these steps are carried out; modelling 3D buildings, toggling these models on the terrain and ortho-photo, integration with a geo-database, transferring to the CityServer3D environment by using CityGML format and designing the service, etc. In addition to this, a simple but novel method of texturing of building facades for 3D city modeling that is based on Dynamic Pulse Function(DPF) is used for synthetic and procedural texturing. DPF is very fast compared to other photo realistic texturing methods. Last but not least, it is aimed to present this project on web using web mapping services. This makes 3D analysis easy for decision makers.Öğe Classification of RASAT Satellite Images Using Machine Learning Algorithms(Springer International Publishing Ag, 2022) Abujayyab, Sohaib K. M.; Yucer, Emre; Karas, I. R.; Gultekin, I. H.; Abali, O.; Bektas, A. G.The development in the remote sensing and geographic information systems facilitated the monitoring processes of changes in land cover and use. This article aimed to evaluate the classification accuracy of five supervised classification methods: Neural Network, Naive Bayes, K-nearest neighbors, discriminant analysis and Decision Tree using the Turkish RASAT satellite images. The Bursa area in Turkey was taken as a study area to examine the RASAT satellite images. MATLAB and Python programming languages were employed to develop the training dataset and generated the five classifiers. According to the performance analysis using confusion matrix metric, the best overall accuracy was achieved by K-nearest neighbors. the K-nearest neighbors method produced 100% performance accuracy using RASAT satellite image. This comparative analysis showed that the K-nearest neighbors can be used as a trusted method for satellite image classification.Öğe THE DATA RELIABILITY OF VOLUNTEERED GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION WITH USING TRAFFIC ACCIDENT DATA(Copernicus Gesellschaft Mbh, 2017) Sevinc, H. K.; Karas, I. R.The development of mobile technologies is important in the lives of humans. Mobile devices constitute a great part of the daily lives of people. It has come to such a point that when people first wake up, they check their smart phones for the first thing. Users may share their positions with the GNSS sensors in mobile devices or they can add information about their positions in mobile applications. Users contribute to Geographical Information System with this sharing. These users consist of native (citizens) living in that geographical position not of the CBS specialists. Creating, collecting, sharing and disseminating the geographical data provided by voluntary individuals constitute the Volunteered Geographic Information System. The data in the Volunteered Geographic Information System are received from amateur users. How reliable will the data received from amateur users instead of specialists of the field be in scientific terms? In this study, the reliability between the data received from the voluntary users through Volunteered Geographic Information System and real data is investigated. The real data consist of the traffic accident coordinates. The data that will be received from users will be received through the speed values in the relevant coordinates and the marking of the users for possible accident points on the map.Öğe DETERMINING THE LOCATIONS OF POTENTIAL FIREFIGHTING TEAMS BY USING GIS TECHNIQUES(Copernicus Gesellschaft Mbh, 2018) Akay, A. E.; Karas, I. R.; Kahraman, I.Wild forest fires are one of the most important disasters that affect the forest ecosystem especially in the regions with arid climate conditions. Besides, forest fires threats human life and results in seriously property loss. In order to fight forest fires effectively, it is crucial that firefighting team should reach fire location and start fire extinguishing activities within the critical response time. Since firefighting teams are transported to fire locations by fire-trucks, the optimum route with minimum travel time should be determined by considering available road network. New Service Area tool under Network Analyst extension of ArcGIS can be used to determine a region that can be reached from a point within a specified time period. In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the locations of current firefighting teams and investigate locations of potential firefighting teams using New Service Area tool. The study area is located in Mustafakemalpasa in Bursa where forest lands are sensitive to forest fires at the second degree and there is currently one firefighting team in the area. The results indicated that 31.28% of forest land can be reached by current firefighting team within the critical response time. When including new firefighting teams, it was found that accessible forest lands increased to 71.55%. It can be concluded that locating new firefighting teams should be established in the study area to increase the accessible forested areas on time and GIS-based decision support systems can be effectively used to fight forest fires regarding with disaster management.Öğe ESTIMATION OF POPULATION NUMBER VIA LIGHT ACTIVITIES ON NIGHT-TIME SATELLITE IMAGES(Copernicus Gesellschaft Mbh, 2017) Turan, M. K.; Yucer, E.; Sehirli, E.; Karas, I. R.Estimation and accurate assessment regarding population gets harder and harder day by day due to growth of world population in a fast manner. Estimating tendencies to settlements in cities and countries, socio-cultural development and population numbers is quite difficult. In addition to them, selection and analysis of parameters such as time, work-force and cost seems like another difficult issue. In this study, population number is guessed by evaluating light activities in Istanbul via night-time images of Turkey. By evaluating light activities between 2000 and 2010, average population per pixel is obtained. Hence, it is used to estimate population numbers in 2011, 2012 and 2013. Mean errors are concluded as 4.14% for 2011, 3.74% for 2012 and 3.04% for 2013 separately. As a result of developed thresholding method, mean error is concluded as 3.64% to estimate population number in Istanbul for next three years.Öğe GENETIC ALGORITHM-AIDED ROUTING ON 3D DYNAMIC NETWORKS(Copernicus Gesellschaft Mbh, 2010) Atila, U.; Karas, I. R.3D network analysis for indoor provides strong decision support for users in searching optimal routes on applications such as emergency services, transportation, security and visitor guiding. Genetic algorithm is used to solve non-linear problems with complicated constraints. Therefore, the implementation of genetic algorithm into route finding algorithms is needed. This paper explains the demand using genetic algorithm approach on dynamic network routing problems especially for 3D navigation. Abilities of genetic algorithm is investigated as a search strategy and necessitates of genetic algorithm on use for 3D dynamic network routing is presented.Öğe INDOOR NAVIGATION DESIGN INTEGRATED WITH SMART PHONES AND RFID DEVICES(Copernicus Gesellschaft Mbh, 2015) Ortakci, Y.; Demiral, E.; Atila, U.; Karas, I. R.High rise, complex and huge buildings in the cities are almost like a small city with their tens of floors, hundreds of corridors and rooms and passages. Due to size and complexity of these buildings, people need guidance to find their way to the destination in these buildings. In this study, a mobile application is developed to visualize pedestrian's indoor position as 3D in their smartphone and RFID Technology is used to detect the position of pedestrian. While the pedestrian is walking on his/her way on the route, smartphone will guide the pedestrian by displaying the photos of indoor environment on the route. Along the tour, an RFID (Radio-Frequency Identification) device is integrated to the system. The pedestrian will carry the RFID device during his/her tour in the building. The RFID device will send the position data to the server directly in every two seconds periodically. On the other side, the pedestrian will just select the destination point in the mobile application on smartphone and sent the destination point to the server. The shortest path from the pedestrian position to the destination point is found out by the script on the server. This script also sends the environment photo of the first node on the acquired shortest path to the client as an indoor navigation module.Öğe IOT ENABLED INDOOR NAVIGATION SYSTEM DESIGN FOR EMERGENCIES(Copernicus Gesellschaft Mbh, 2018) Duru, A.; Karas, I. R.Global Navigation Satellite System is widely accepted and it has good positioning accuracy for outdoor applications. However, it does not provide sufficient positioning accuracy for inside of buildings. Signals are attenuated inside of buildings or dense high building areas because various materials between satellites and receiver create interference to the signal propagation. Thus, indoor positioning technologies have emerged to cover the problem. In this paper, indoor positioning technologies have been investigated and UWB based indoor positioning technology has been chosen between them. In addition to indoor positioning, accelerometer and Wi-Fi connection has been added to the system for mobility. The accelerometer detects emergency cases and alerts relatives of an intended person by using web service. Hereby, remote navigation system design is presented for first aid of the user. The system can detect emergencies, especially falls using the accelerometer and it can locate patients anywhere in the world. The designed system showed that it is possible to detect emergencies and transfer to the web with a 24.17cm average positioning error. Also, it is an assuring system for future remote positioning applications.Öğe A LOW-COST AND LIGHTWEIGHT 3D INTERACTIVE REAL ESTATE-PURPOSED INDOOR VIRTUAL REALITY APPLICATION(Copernicus Gesellschaft Mbh, 2017) Ozacar, K.; Ortakci, Y.; Kahraman, I; Durgut, R.; Karas, I. R.Interactive 3D architectural indoor design have been more popular after it benefited from Virtual Reality (VR) technologies. VR brings computer-generated 3D content to real life scale and enable users to observe immersive indoor environments so that users can directly modify it. This opportunity enables buyers to purchase a property off-the-plan cheaper through virtual models. Instead of showing property through 2D plan or renders, this visualized interior architecture of an on-sale unbuilt property is demonstrated beforehand so that the investors have an impression as if they were in the physical building. However, current applications either use highly resource consuming software, or are non-interactive, or requires specialist to create such environments. In this study, we have created a real-estate purposed low-cost high quality fully interactive VR application that provides a realistic interior architecture of the property by using free and lightweight software: Sweet Home 3D and Unity. A preliminary study showed that participants generally liked proposed real estate-purposed VR application, and it satisfied the expectation of the property buyers.Öğe REAL-TIME NAVIGATION SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION WITHIN THE SCOPE OF 3D GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS FOR MULTI STOREY CAR PARK(Copernicus Gesellschaft Mbh, 2016) Yenigun, B.; Karas, I. R.; Demiral, E.Today, a large increase in the number of vehicles in traffic with population growth and economic development are observed. This increase brings with it many problems. One of these problems is the parking problem as a result of the need to park the vehicle. Impractical and inadequate parking areas have a negative impact on drivers. To minimize these drawbacks, car parking is intended to develop a system to come to the aid of users. This system is planned to be developed which can be applied to indoor and multi-storey parking structure. Considered in this study, in the garage, drivers are intended to be directed as soon as possible in place of the convenient parking. However, the amount of fuel spent looking for parking tool that are caused by air and noise pollution, and to search for a parking lot when looking for a place to park the lost time, the resulting stress is minimized, it is expected that.Öğe ROAD EXTRACTION TECHNIQUES FROM REMOTE SENSING IMAGES: A REVIEW(Copernicus Gesellschaft Mbh, 2018) Kahraman, I.; Karas, I. R.; Akay, A. E.The importance of analysis high resolution satellite imagery plays an important research topic for geographical information analysis of cities. Geospatial data plays an important role in important issues such as governmental, industrial, research topics on traffic management, road monitoring, GNSS navigation, and map updating. In this study, road detection from satellite imagery methods are classified as classification-based, knowledge-based, mathematical morphology and dynamic programming. In the beginning, the road structures including feature and model are analyzed. Then, the advantages and disadvantages of road detection methods are evaluated and summarizez their accuracy and performance based on road detection principles. Therefore, in order to obtain remarkable results for road detection, it is better to use more than one method. In after days, performing a complex road extraction from a satellite image is still a necessary and important research topic.
