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Öğe Assessing STATCOM-Enabled Reactive Power Control in Fragile Power Transmission Systems: A Case Study Perspective(International Information and Engineering Technology Association, 2024) Almamoori, M.; Almaktar, M.; Khaleel, M.; Mohamed, F.; Elbreki, A.The burgeoning energy demands induced by modern civilization necessitate the procurement of additional electrical energy reserves to effectively address this escalating challenge. However, the installation of new power generation units necessitates building/upgrade of accompanying transmission infrastructure, a task fraught with complexities. To augment the loading capacity of existing transmission lines, power engineers have devised efficient solutions, one of which involves the integration of novel devices. This paper delves into the management of reactive power within vulnerable transmission networks, focusing particularly on the pivotal role of Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) devices. Among the diverse array of FACTS technologies engineered to fortify grid resilience, the Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM) which emerges as a transformative asset. The paper explores the integration of STATCOM within the 132 kV transmission network of the Diyala city ring power system to enhance its stability and operational efficiency. Simulations of the Diyala power network and load flow analysis were conducted using MATLAB/Simulink environment. The results unveiled a notable enhancement in power quality upon the integration of STATCOM, as compared to the base scenario devoid of such augmentation. These findings bear significant implications, offering valuable insights for the Iraqi grid operator and other nations grappling with analogous challenges pertaining to frail power networks. Incorporating such advanced devices into national electrical systems could potentially mitigate operational inefficiencies, defer infrastructure investment and bolster overall grid resilience. © 2024 The authors. This article is published by IIETA and is licensed under the CC BY 4.0 license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).Öğe Ensuring sustainability in Libya with renewable energy and pumped hydro storage(Nicolaus Copernicus University, 2024) Elmnifi, M.; Khaleel, M.; Vambol, S.; Yeremenko, S.; Nassar, Y.F.; Dzhulai, O.A radical transformation is occurring in the global energy system, with solar PV and wind energy contributing to three-quarters of new electricity generation capacity due to their affordability. This shift towards renewable electrification of energy services, such as transportation, heating, and industry, will gradually replace fossil fuels in the coming decades. This paper highlights Libya's potential to achieve energy self-sufficiency in the twenty-first century. In addition to its fossil energy resources, Libya possesses favourable conditions for solar, wind, and moderate hydroelectric energy. The solar energy potential alone is approximately 100 times greater than what is needed to support a fully solar-powered system that provides energy consumption similar to developed countries for all Libyan citizens, without relying on fossil fuels. Moreover, Libya's Green Mountain range offers substantial opportunities for low-cost pumped off-river hydropower storage. Therefore, the integration of solar and wind energy, complemented by hydropower and battery storage, is likely to be the primary pathway for the rapid growth of Libya's renewable electricity sector. © 2024 Nicolaus Copernicus University. All rights reserved.Öğe The Impact of SMES Integration on the Power Grid: Current Topologies and Nonlinear Control Strategies(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2024) Khaleel, M.; Gulbudak, O.; Ayed, S.K.; Mustafa, M.A.S.; Majdi, H.S.; Habeeb, L.J.; Elmnifi, M.Superconducting magnetic energy Storage (SMES) has recently provided fast and effective relief on the power grid (PG). In addition to that, the power quality (PQ) issues affecting the PG continue to receive special attention. There is no doubt that the PQ issues are an important point concerning the effect on the power grid (PG) utility. In this context, this manuscript aims to demonstrate in-depth the configurations, characterization, and properties of SMES as a robust energy storage (ES) technology. The main objective of SMES can be achieved by delivering excellent performance to support the demand load. From this perspective, current topologies SMES-PG interconnection are developed to evaluate the effectiveness and performance-enhancing while supplying efficient energy using non-linear control strategy including sliding mode controller strategies, partial feedback linearization, control strategy, hysteresis controller strategy, robust controller strategy, and predictive controller strategy. To conclude, this manuscript investigates in detail to determine the applications of SMES-PG interconnection and future scope. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024.Öğe Optimal Sizing of Hybrid Renewable System for Residential Appliances(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2024) Alsharif, A.; Almabsout, E.; Ahmed, A.A.; Khaleel, M.; Nassar, Y.F.; El-Khozoadar, H.J.Hybrid Renewable Power Systems (HRPSs) have been extensively employed at regional, national, and different levels due to their capability of decreasing Carbon Dioxide (CO2) emissions and reducing energy consumption amount. However, the main challenge of Renewable Energy Sources (RESs) is the uncertainties of the demand and source integration that may be addressed by nature-inspired metaheuristic algorithms. The optimal operation of a Microgrid (MG) includes Photovoltaic (PV), Wind Turbine (WT), and Battery (BT), as integrated sources for the distributed generation system. This paper proposes the utilization of the Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA) in order to overcome sizing limitations. The aforesaid optimization algorithm benchmarked with the Antlion Optimization (ALO) algorithm that coupled with a supervisory control algorithm called energy management strategy to meet the objective functions. The main objectives of this study are to obtain a hybrid system with lower cost and lower reliability. The results of the system show better performance on WOA as the main findings in terms of cost (0.01/kWh) and LPSP (0.08%). The aforementioned result contributes a cost-effective system with lower loss, and providing sustainable living which means electricity is available most of the time. © 2024 IEEE.Öğe An Optimization Approaches and Control Strategies of Hydrogen Fuel Cell Systems in EDG-Integration Based on DVR Technology(International Information and Engineering Technology Association, 2024) Khaleel, M.; Yusupov, Z.; Alderoubi, N.; Habeeb, L.J.; Elmnifi, M.; Mohammed, A.; Majdi, H.S.Electrical Distribution Grid (EDG) will be required to further enhance PQ while also providing higher-efficiency electrical technology. The relationship between the elements of EDG and Hydrogen Fuel Cell Systems (HFCS) was thoroughly examined in this study. This investigation, emphasizes the controller techniques of DVR technology and HFCS interface, as well as the connected converter topology such as multi-input single-output dc-dc converters topology, voltage double boost converters topology, and high step-up coupled inductor converter topology, could contribute to decreasing the danger of EDG by limiting the consumption of fossil fuels for power-generation, reducing the emission of hazardous. Moreover, according to what the research discussed HFCS with EDG interfacing is based on DVR technology. The article delivers several novel contributions to the realm of electrical engineering and renewable energy integration. It presents a pioneering integration of hydrogen fuel cells with DVR technology to enhance power delivery reliability and efficiency within electrical distribution grids. This work introduces advanced optimization algorithms aimed at im-proving the operational efficiency, lifespan, and cost-effectiveness of hydrogen fuel cells. Furthermore, it develops robust control strategies for dynamic voltage restoration, crucial for maintaining stable voltage levels under variable loads. The article also includes detailed simulation models to provide empirical support for the proposed strategies and assesses both the environmental impacts and scalability aspects of the system. These innovative elements ensure that the article contributes significantly to the existing body of knowledge, providing practical solutions and theoretical insights that could influence future research and development in the integration of renewable energy technologies within electrical distribution systems. Copyright: ©2024 The authors. This article is published by IIETA.Öğe Review paper on Green Hydrogen Production, Storage, and Utilization Techniques in Libya(Libyan Center for Solar Energy Research and Studies, 2024) Imbayah, I.; Hasan, M.; El-Khozondare, H.; Khaleel, M.; Alsharif, A.; Ahmed, A.A.the world is currently facing energy-related challenges due to the cost and pollution of non-renewable energy sources and the increasing power demand from renewable energy sources. Green hydrogen is a promising solution in Libya for converting renewable energy into usable fuel. This paper covers the types of hydrogen, its features, preparation methods, and uses. Green hydrogen production is still limited in the world due to safety requirements because hydrogen has a relatively low ignition temperature and an extensive ignition range and is considered a hazardous element, the lack of infrastructure in Libya, as well as the high cost of production currently. However, the production costs of one megawatt of green hydrogen and fossil fuels are insignificant. This suggests that electricity production from green hydrogen could become an economic competitor to fossil fuels in Libya. This is due to the cost of adding renewable energy to the public electricity grid. Also, the production of gray hydrogen is possible in Libya because of oil through the installation of systems for converting methane gas and capturing carbon dioxide gas. © 2024, Libyan Center for Solar Energy Research and Studies. All rights reserved.Öğe SIMULATION AND ANALYSIS OF LIGHTNING STRIKES IN ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS BY MATLAB/SIMULINK AND ATP/EMTP(Galileo Institute of Technology and Education of the Amazon (ITEGAM), 2024) Elbar, M.; Souli, A.; Beladel, A.; Khaleel, M.Lightning is a major disruptive phenomenon in the operation of all electrical installations. Lightning has always been a cause of disruption in the use of electricity. However, it is important to note the fairly recent and growing requirement for the quality of electrical systems (reliability, availability, continuity of service, etc.) as well as the constant concern to minimize the costs of using and producing electricity. This leads us to see that lightning becomes a hard point in improving all these factors. In this article, we present the ATP software that we will use in the simulation. After that, we discussed the description of lightning strikes and how to protect facilities from them. The next important step, which represents the novelty of this work, was to create a lightning strike model using the MATLAB/SIMULINK program, based on the mathematical equation of a lightning strike. After that, by using the model created, we simulated a lightning strike that attacked two different nodes of an electrical network, generators, and nine nodes, using the two-simulation software's ATP/EMTP and MATLAB/SIMULINK to study the effect of the lightning strike on the voltages and currents of our network system. At the end of the work, we compared the results obtained by the two-simulation software, ATP/EMTP and MATLAB/SIMULINK, and we discussed and explained the results obtained by the two software. © 2024 by authors and Galileo Institute of Technology and Education of the Amazon (ITEGAM).Öğe Technical challenges and optimization of superconducting magnetic energy storage in electrical power systems(Elsevier Ltd, 2023) Khaleel, M.; Yusupov, Z.; Nassar, Y.; El-khozondar, H.J.; Ahmed, A.; Alsharif, A.The main motivation for the study of superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) integrated into the electrical power system (EPS) is the electrical utilities' concern with eliminating Power Quality (PQ) issues and greenhouse gas emissions. This article aims to provide a thorough analysis of the SMES interface, which is crucial to the EPS. This article also discusses the development of SMES as a reliable energy storage system (ESS). Delivering outstanding performance to support the EPS in any upsetting scenario can help SMES achieve its goals. A few of the fascinating aspects of the application of SMES in this context are microgrids, transmission and distribution (T&D) grids, renewable energy sources (RES), and plug-in hybrid energy storage systems (HESS). However, power utilities must evaluate the effectiveness and enhance a better performance on PQ when presenting a highly efficient energy technology. This article examines the difficulties of integrating SMES into the electricity network as well as the performance effects of HESS and RES. Finally, by outlining the current state of knowledge and highlighting any gaps in the literature, the power protection strategies and difficulties for power networks using SMES are evaluated. © 2023 The Author(s)Öğe Towards Hydrogen Sector Investments for Achieving Sustainable Electricity Generation(Libyan Center for Solar Energy Research and Studies, 2024) Khaleel, M.; Yusupov, Z.; Guneser, M.T.; Nassar, Y.; El-Khozondar, H.; Ahmed, A.; Alsharif, A.Hydrogen constitutes an integral component within an expansive array of energy technologies poised to facilitate the nation’s transition towards achieving a net-zero state. In additional, this endeavor involves harnessing regional resources judiciously, thereby fostering equitable and sustainable growth. The strategic development and utilization of hydrogen technologies necessitate a nuanced approach, encompassing an assessment of diverse technologies spanning various sectors especially power sector. Such a meticulous strategy aims to forge the most efficacious, cost-effective, and sustainable pathways, underpinned by the discerning adoption of these technologies in the market. The article delves into the intricate relationship between hydrogen and fuel cell technologies, shedding light on their combined impact on the evolving landscape of electricity generation. A particular focus is placed on the integration of variable renewable energy sources, elucidating how hydrogen serves as a key enabler in optimizing the utilization of these fluctuating energy resources. In addition, the article encompasses various methods of hydrogen production, exploring their technological advancements and implications for achieving sustainable electricity generation. © 2024, Libyan Center for Solar Energy Research and Studies. All rights reserved.Öğe Towards Sustainable Renewable Energy(Pleiades Publishing, 2023) Khaleel, M.; Yusupov, Z.; Ahmed, A.; Alsharif, A.; Nassar, Y.; El-Khozondar, H.Abstract: The ongoing evolution of civilization is indelibly marked by our proficiency in harnessing energy beyond mere human and animal labor. The advent of successive industrial and agricultural revolutions has enabled a growing segment of the global populace to enjoy the comforts of heated and illuminated homes, the bountiful yields of fertilized and irrigated crops, the connectedness facilitated by technology, and the accessibility of far-reaching travel. These milestones of progress are driven by our ever-expanding ability to locate, extract, and utilize energy with ever-greater mastery. Advances in materials science hold the key to a sustainable future, characterized by clean energy generation, transmission, and distribution, the effective storage of electrical and chemical energy, enhanced energy efficiency, and more sophisticated energy management systems. © 2023, Allerton Press, Inc.
