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Öğe Apical extrusion of debris when using OneCurve, ProTaper Next and TruNatomy in curved canals(Wroclaw Medical Univ, 2023) Coskun, Ezgi; Kocak, Sibel; Ozdemir, Olcay; Saglam, Baran Can; Kocak, Mustafa MuratBackground. The extrusion of apical debris is related to various factors, and may be affected by varia-tions in technique or instrumentation system. Although the extrusion cannot be completely prevented, it is crucial to minimize the amount of extruded material. Objectives. The present study aimed to compare apical debris extrusion by the novel TruNatomy (TRN), OneCurve (OC) and ProTaper Next (PTN) instruments in curved root canals.Material and methods. A total of 60 multi-rooted human mandibular molar teeth with moderate and severe curvature were selected and randomly divided into 3 groups. The root canals were prepared with the OC, TRN and PTN files. For collecting the debris extruded through the apical foramen, Eppendorf tubes were used. After the vaporizing period, the tubes were re-weighed, and the amount of the extruded debris was calculated by subtracting the initial weight from the final weight. Statistical analysis was performed with the Shapiro-Wilk and Kruskal-Wallis tests. The statistical significance level was set atp < 0.05.Results. The least amount of debris was extruded with TRN and the greatest with PTN, but the difference between the groups was not significant (p = 0.257).Conclusions. All instrumentation systems were associated with debris extrusion. The tested file systems presented similar results in terms of apical debris extrusion in curved canals. The novel TRN system demon-strated promising results, comparable to OC and PTN.Öğe Efficacy of various activation techniques on tubule penetration of resin-based and bioceramic root canal sealers: An in vitro confocal microscopy study(Wiley, 2023) Basoglu, Ezgi Coskun; Kocak, Sibel; Ozdemir, Olcay; Kocak, Mustafa Murat; Saglam, Baran CanTo compare the penetration of Ah Plus and MTA Fillapex after irrigation activation with sonic, passive ultrasonic, SWEEPS and XP-Endo Finisher using confocal microscopy. Instrumented root canals of 160 mandibular premolar teeth were allocated randomly to four groups (n = 40/group) and eight subgroups according to the activation techniques and canal sealers (n = 20/subgroup). After the obturation, three sections at 1-2, 5-6 and 9-10 mm levels from the apex were examined. Penetration area and maximum penetration depth values were represented as mean and standard deviation, and results below 0.05 were considered statistically significant. For penetration area and maximum penetration depth, the statistical difference was found in terms of material, device and region (Maximum penetration depth: p = 0.006, p < 0.001, p < 0.001; Penetration area: p = 0.004, p < 0.001, p < 0.001). SWEEPS was found to be relatively higher than other groups. Sealers presented similar results when evaluated independently of the region. The use of SWEEPS for irrigation activation is promising in terms of tubule penetration.