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    Active control of quarter-car and bridge vibrations using the sliding mode control
    (Gazi Univ, Fac Engineering Architecture, 2022) Eroglu, Mustafa; Koc, Mehmet Akif; Kozan, Recep; Esen, Ismail
    Purpose: The aim of this study is to model the active suspension system using conventional PID and sliding mode control, which is a robust control method, in order to increase the road holding and passenger comfort (Figure A). Theory and Methods: The equations of motion of the 3-degree-of-freedom quarter-car and bridge model examined in this study were obtained by the Lagrangian method. A total of 7 second-order differential equations were obtained, including 3 equations of motion of the car and 4 equations of motion of the bridge beam. These equations are reduced to 14 first-order differential equations with the help of state space forms. Then, the Runge-Kutta method was used to solve these equations. The dynamic responses of the quarter car while passing over the bridge were analyzed with the commercial analysis program MATLAB. Results: As a result of the study, it was understood that the displacement and acceleration values of the passenger seat take their maximum values at the critical speeds of the car-bridge and car-road system. In addition, it is understood that the dynamic responses acting on the car change at some speed value of the car according to the profile of the road. Conclusion: In this study, the vertical displacement and acceleration of the passenger seat were controlled using conventional PID and sliding mode control. In addition, the dynamic interaction between the any flexible foundation and the multi-degree-of-freedom car model can be examined in more detail by using the controllers and solution method used in this study.
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    Comparative analysis of full car model with driver using pid and lqr controllers
    (2022) Eroğlu, Mustafa; Koç, Mehmet Akif; Kozan, Recep; EŞen, İsmail
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    Realistic Modelling for Analysis of Train-Structure and Ballasted-Track Interaction for High-Speed Trains
    (Springer Heidelberg, 2024) Eroglu, Mustafa; Koc, Mehmet Akif; Esen, Ismail; Kozan, Recep
    PurposeIn this study, a new train-track-bridge interaction system (TTBIS) is modelled, and the interaction of the system is analysed to calculate the dynamic responses of the (TTBIS). Considering the lateral and vertical dynamic movements, the entire train is realistically modelled with 31 degrees of freedom.MethodsThe track system is realistically modelled as flexible rail, and the infrastructure system supporting the rail with eight parameters. So, the track system consists of flexible rail, two parameter rail pad, sleeper, ballast parameters. The bridge was modelled using thin beam theory and integrated motion equation was obtained using the Lagrange method.The analytical solution of motion equation was conducted by setting up an algorithm using the Runge-Kutta method with a specially written code.ResultsAs a result of the analyses made, the length of the bridge is 50 m or less, which does not affect the vertical movements of the train. In addition, Thanks to the track system, the dynamic responses affecting the train have been reduced. It is also understood that the vertical dynamic behavior of the train is a minimum in every four wagons.ConclusionAs the significance of this research, it was seen that bridge flexibility, natural vibration frequency, track parameters, travel speed, and the number of wagons have essential effects in terms of safe travel of high-speed-train.
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    Self-tuning fuzzy logic control of quarter car and bridge interaction model
    (2021) Eroğlu, Mustafa; Koç, Mehmet Akif; Kozan, Recep; EŞen, İsmail
    In this study, active suspension control of the interaction between the bridge can be modeled according to the Euler-Bernoulli beam theory, and the quarter car model with three degrees of freedom is studied. The active suspension system consists of a spring, damper, and linear actuator. The active suspension control is designed using classical PID and self-tuning fuzzy PID (STFPID) to reduce the vehicle body's disruptive effects. To determine the performance of the designed controllers, two different road profiles with the bridge oscillations caused by the bridge flexibility were considered as the disruptive effect of the vehicle. When the simulation results were examined in terms of passenger seat displacement and acceleration, the proposed STFPID method significantly increased road holding and ride comfort.
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    Train-structure interaction for high-speed trains using a full 3D train model
    (Springer Heidelberg, 2022) Eroglu, Mustafa; Koc, Mehmet Akif; Esen, Ismail; Kozan, Recep
    In high-speed trains, the driving safety and passenger comfort of the railway vehicle are negatively affected due to the problem of interaction between the train and the bridge. Among these problems are rail irregularities, flexible foundation effect, and external effects such as wind load and seismic loads. In this study, the dynamic interaction between the full train model modeled as 31-degrees of freedom and the bridge that can be modeled according to the Euler-Bernoulli beam theory was studied. The motion equations of the train and bridge beams have been derived with the Lagrange method, and the motion equations obtained have been solved with the fourth-degree Runge-Kutta method. The results obtained in this method were confirmed by two case studies previously conducted. The first four natural frequencies of the beam calculated using bridge parameters were determined, and the resonance velocities, which are the critical velocities of the beam-train system corresponding to this determined frequency, were calculated. Moving at resonance velocities, the train causes maximum acceleration amplitudes, especially in low damped beams. In this study, maximum dynamic responses were determined at variable velocities of the train, and it was understood that critical velocities were an essential concept in train-bridge interaction. It has also been found that well-damped beams reduce maximum dynamic responses. As a result, it was found that car body mass, bridge length, and train velocity significantly affect the combined train-bridge dynamic interaction.