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    Investigation of tribological performance of hydrothermal carbon by pin-on-disc test and warm deep drawing process
    (Iop Publishing Ltd, 2024) Yurt, Ozgur Erdem; Sen, Nuri; Simsir, Hamza; Kucuk, Yilmaz; Altas, Emre; Gok, M. Sabri; Civek, Tolgahan
    In this study, the synthesis of hydrothermal carbon (HTC) lubricant and its usability as a lubricant under hot industrial conditions were investigated. In this context, the characterization of HTC produced from organic sources at low cost and in a short time was performed, and its tribological performance was analysed in detail. HTC produced by the hydrothermal carbonization method was characterized through SEM images and EDS analysis. To determine the effect of HTC on friction at different temperatures, HTC was subjected to a pin-on-disc wear test with AA5754 material. The effect of various lubricants, temperatures, blank holder pressure, and forming speed parameters on the forming force for the analysis of the tribological effect of HTC on deep drawing processes were statistically analysed. The performance of HTC was compared with Teflon, fullerenes, graphene, and carbon nanotube (CNT) materials. According to the results obtained from wear tests, the lowest friction coefficient value was achieved in the presence of fullerenes as the lubricant, and as the temperature increased, the friction coefficient decreased. It was observed that HTC exhibited lower performance in the wear test compared to fullerenes due to oxidation. When the effect of deep drawing parameters on the forming force was analysed, it was concluded that the most effective parameters were temperature (72.32%) and lubricant (20.89%). According to the S/N analysis results, the minimum forming force was obtained under the conditions of solid Teflon lubricant, 250 degrees C temperature, 15-bar blank holder pressure, and 2 mm/s forming speed. The tribological performance difference between HTC and Teflon is at the 1% level. The results demonstrate the potential industrial usability of HTC as a lubricant.
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    Study of the Wear Resistance Plasma Nitrided GGG60 by Optimization of Surface Treatment Conditions Using Response Surface Methodology
    (Springer Int Publ Ag, 2024) Karamanli, Ismail Aykut; Gok, Mustafa Sabri; Kucuk, Yilmaz; Unal, Okan
    In this study, the wear performance of spheroidal graphite cast iron subjected to plasma nitriding at different temperatures and treatment durations was investigated. The plasma nitriding parameters were optimized by response surface methodology (RSM) due to the output performance. Plasma nitriding was applied at three different temperatures (400, 450, 500 degrees C) and three different heat treatment durations (0.5, 2, 4 h). Wear tests were performed by ball-on-disk method for 60 minutes and for three different wear loads (10, 20, 30 N). The specimens were investigated for hardness, microstructure and wear performance. The RSM model was then created by using the wear resistance features. Plasma nitriding showed better wear performance than the untreated specimen for all treatment conditions. Hardness, nitrided layer thickness and wear performance remarkably improved with increasing temperature and process duration. The parameter that affects volume loss the most is wear load with 70.66% according to RSM modeling results. The most effective parameter in the wear rate change was found to be treatment duration at 42.85%. The model was able to predict the results with an error of 2.11% for volume loss and 9.14% for wear rate. The prediction results are very close to the experimental results. This clearly shows that the model can be used to determine the plasma nitriding parameters.