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Öğe Combustion properties of mulberry (Morusalba L.) laminated veneer lumbers bonded with PVAc, PF adhesives and impregnated with some fire-retardants(2010) Kurt, S.; Uysal, B.In this study, the effects of impregnation materials di-ammonium phosphate, aluminium sulphate, potassium carbonate, calcium clorur, zinc clorur on combustion properties of 3 ply laminated veneer lumbers (LVL) produced from mulberry (Morus alba L.) by using of phenolformaldehyde (PF), poly (vinyl acetate) (PVAc) have been investigated. The pressure-vacuum method was used for impregnation process. Combustion test was performed according to the procedure of ASTM-E 69 standards. According to the test results zinc chloride was found to be the most successful fire retardant chemical in LVL with PF adhesive. Since zinc chloride diminishes combustion, LVL produced from mulberry with PF adhesive and impregnated with zinc chloride can be advised to be used as a fire resistant building material where required.Öğe Compression strength perpendicular to grain characteristics of impregnated laminated veneer lumbers exposed to sea water(Lietuvos Misku Institutas, 2016) Esen, R.; Kurt, S.; Özcan, C.The purpose of this study is to determine the compression strength perpendicular to grain of laminated veneer lumber exposed to sea water 3, 6, 9 and 12 months and obtained from Scots pine by using different adhesive and impregnating materials. While the highest compression strength perpendicular to grain is obtained from then unimpregnated samples, which are not exposed to sea water, with 39.56 N/mm2 the lowest compression strength perpendicular to grain is obtained from the unimpregnated samples exposed to sea water for 12 months with 10.94 N/mm2. © 2016, Lietuvos Misku Institutas. All rights reserved.Öğe The effect of grain angle and species on thermal conductivity of some selected wood species(2011) Yapici, F.; Ozcifci, A.; Esen, R.; Kurt, S.In this study the thermal conductivity of different wood materials was determined. For this purpose, Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), Uludag fir (Abies Bornmülleriana Matff), Oriental beech (Fagus orientalis L), Oak (Quercus robur L.), and Chestnut of Anatolia (Castanea sativa Mill.) woods were used. In the test, the thermal conductivity of the woods was measured according to procedure of ASTM C 1113-99 standards. The lowest thermal conductivity was obtained in the perpendicular direction of Scots pine samples as 0.156 Kcal/mh°C. The highest thermal conductivity was obtained from perpendicular direction of samples in Oriental beech as 0.331 Kcal/mh°C.Öğe Effect of various fire retardants on brinell hardness of some wood(2009) Kurt, S.; Özçifçi, A.This study was performed to determine the impact of impregnation materials on the Brinell hardness of varnished wood materials. For this purpose, test specimens prepared from Scotch pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and Oriental beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky), which met the requirements of ASTM D 358, were impregnated according to ASTM D 1413-07 with borax, boric acid, zinc chloride, and di-ammonium phosphate by a vacuum technique. After impregnation, the surfaces were coated by cellulosic, synthetic, and polyurethane varnishes in accordance with ASTM D 3023. The Brinell hardness of the specimens after the varnishing process was determined in accordance with ASTM D 4366. According to the result of the tests, the highest Brinell hardness (135.40 kpm/m2) was determined in oriental beech samples, cut tangentially, impregnated with di- ammonium phosphate, and varnished with polyurethane. The lowest Brinell hardness (23.20 kpm/m2) was determined in Scotch pine control samples, cut radially and synthetically varnished.Öğe The effects of edge banding thickness of uludag fir bonded with some adhesives on withdrawal strengths of beech dowel pins in composite materials(2009) Kurt, S.; Uysal, B.; Özcan, C.; Yildirim, M.N.Composite materials and wooden dowels are being used increasingly in the construction of furniture frames and inner decoration. Yet there is little information available concerning the withdrawal strength of various fasteners, and, in particular, dowels in composite materials edged solid wood edge bandings. The aim of this study was to determine the withdrawal strengths of 6, 8, 10 mm diameter dowels produced from beech with respect to edge of a medium-density fiberboard (MDF) or particleboard (PB) edged with 5, 10 and 15 mm thickness of solid wood edge banding of uludag fir, bonded with different adhesives. According to TS 4539 standard, the effects of edge banding thickness, dimension of dowels, type of composite materials and type of adhesives used for edge banding on the withdrawal strength were determined. The highest (6.37 N/mm2) withdrawal strength was obtained in beech dowels with 8 mm diameter for MDF with 5 mm thickness of solid wood edge banding of uludag fir bonded with D-VTKA adhesive. According to results, if the hole wall and the surface of dowel are smooth then the adhesives give better mechanical adhesion with dowels and composite materials.Öğe Effects of some impregnation chemicals on combustion characteristics of laminated veneer lumber (LVL) produced with oak and poplar veneers(2010) Kol, H.S.; Ozbay, G.; Köse, L.; Kurt, S.The objective of this research was to investigate the effects of impregnation chemicals on the combustion properties of 3-ply laminated veneer lumber (LVL) made of Oak (Quercus petraea subsp. İberica) and Poplar (Populus tremula L.). For this purpose, oak wood was used as the outer ply and poplar used for the core ply in LVL. Borax (BX), boric acid (BA), borax+boric acid (BX+BA), and di-ammonium phosphate (DAP) were used as impregnation chemicals, and urea formaldehyde (UF), phenol formaldehyde (PF), and melamine-urea-formaldehyde (MUF) adhesives as bonding agent were used to produce LVLs. The vacuum-pressure method was used for the impregnation process. The combustion test was performed according to the procedure defined in the ASTM-E 69 standards, and during the test the mass reduction, temperature, and released gas (CO, O2) were determined for each 30 seconds. As a result, di-ammonium phosphate was found to be the most successful fire retardant chemical in LVL with MUF adhesive. LVL produced from a combination of oak and poplar veneers with MUF adhesive and impregnated with DAP can be recommended to be used as a fire resistant building material where required.Öğe Impacts of impregnation chemicals on finishing process and combustion properties of oriental beech (fagus orientalis l.) Wood(2011) Yapici, F.; Uysal, B.; Kurt, S.; Esen, R.; Özcan, C.Effects of the impregnation materials borax, boric acid, and Tanalith-E on combustion properties of Oriental beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) were investigated. The immersion method was used for long-term impregnation (24 h). After the impregnation process, polyurethane as well as synthetic, acid hardening, and water-based varnishes were applied on the wood sample surfaces according to company's suggests. The combustion test was performed according to the ASTM-E 69 standard. The mass reduction, release of gasses (CO, NO, O 2), and the temperature differences of samples were determined for each 30 seconds during combustion. It was shown that the most mass reduction occurred when both polyurethane varnish and boric acid were applied.Öğe Nondestructive evaluation of wood strength using thermal conductivity(2012) Dündar, T.; Kurt, S.; As, N.; Uysal, B.Relationships between the coefficient of thermal conductivity (CTC) and the strength properties of wood were investigated. Small clear test specimens were prepared from beech, fir, and pine wood. CTC values of the test specimens were measured based on the ASTM C 1113-99 hot-wire method. Wood density and some mechanical properties were then determined according to related ISO standards. In order to designate relationships between the CTC and mechanical properties, linear regression analysis was performed. Significant linear correlations were found between the CTC and the specific gravity, the modulus of rupture, the modulus of elasticity, and the impact bending strength of the wood from all tree species. However, there was a weak and non-significant relationship between the CTC and the compression strength of the specimens from each tree species. As a consequence, the CTC has a considerable potential in nondestructive evaluation of wood density and strength. However, the reciprocal correlations among the MC-strength, MC-CTC, temperature-strength, and temperature-CTC appear to be most significant limitations for using CTC as a NDE method for wood. Further detailed investigations are needed.Öğe Thermal conductivity of laminated veneer lumbers bonded with various adhesives and impregnated with various chemicals(2009) Uysal, B.; Kurt, S.; Özcana, C.In this study it is aimed to describe the effects of adhesives (PVAc-Desmodur VTKA and Urea formaldehyde) on wooden materials (Scotch pine and oriental beech) cut tangentially and radially impregnated with Tanalith-C, creosote, and sodium silicate in layer (3, 4, 5) of laminated veneer lumber (LVLs) on thermal conductivity. The lowest thermal conductivity of 0.103 Kcal/mh°C was obtained in Scotch pine, cut tangentially, impregnated with creosote, bonded with urea formaldehyde, and 3 layer LVL. The highest thermal conductivity of 0.185 Kcal/mh°C was obtained in oriental beech, cut radially, impregnated with Tanalith-C, bonded with PVAc, and 5 layers LVL. Consequently, oriental beech wood cut radially and impregnated with Tanalith-C, bonded with PVAc adhesive and 5 layers in LVL can be used as a material in construction where the thermal conductivity is required. Scotch pine wood cut tangentially and impregnated with creosote, bonded with urea formaldehyde adhesive and 3 layers in LVL can be used as a material in construction where the insulation is required.Öğe Thermal conductivity of oak impregnated with some chemicals and finished(2010) Sahin, Kol, H.; Uysal, B.; Kurt, S.; Ozcan, C.The objective of this research was to investigate the effects of some impregnation materials and varnishes on the thermal conductivity of oak wood. Ammonium sulfate, borax, boric acid, zinc chloride, diammonium phosphate, and sodium silicate as impregnation chemicals and polyurethane, cellulosic, synthetic, coloured varnishes and cellulosic, synthetic, industrial paints as finishes were used. The wood materials were impregnated by using the vacuum-pressure method. The thermal conductivity test was performed based on the ASTM C 1113-99 hot-wire method. Results showed that the impregnation chemicals increased the thermal conductivity. The highest values were obtained with boric acid and sodium silicate. In addition, the thermal conductivity of painted oak was higher than that of varnished oak. The lowest thermal conductivity of 0.1465 Kcal/mh°C was obtained with the oak control. The highest thermal conductivity of 0.1756 Kcal/mh°C was obtained when oak was painted with industrial paint and impregnated with boric acid.
