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    Investigations on surface induced tribological characteristics in MQCL assisted machining of duplex stainless steel
    (Elsevier, 2022) Krolczyk, J. B.; Maruda, R. W.; Krolczyk, G. M.; Wojciechowski, S.; Gupta, Munish Kumar; Korkmaz, Mehmet Erdi
    A B S T R A C T The application of metalworking fluids (MWFs) are helpful in improving the tribological as well as machining characteristics while machining difficult to cut materials like duplex stainless steel. However, the adverse effect of commonly used MWFs limits its application in the area of clean and sustainable manufacturing. The strict environmental concerns, policies and regulations allow the usage of green cooling systems that positively effects the environment. Therefore, this study concerns the parametric evaluation of the surface induced tribological characteristics obtained after machining of difficult to cut stainless steel under dry and minimum quantity cooling lubrication conditions (MQCL). The various surface roughness parameters were evaluated with latest microscopes and the analysis was made under dry and MQCL conditions. In the end, the surface tribology has been studied and the results are compared with dry and MQCL conditions. The research reveals that the two-dimensional roughness analysis of the machined surface is very often limited to the one evaluated surface profile parameter. The outcomes also demonstrated that the MQCL produces smooth surfaces with less irregularities and could be considered in the context of sustainable manufacturing.(c) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).