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Öğe Optimal Placement and Sizing of Static Var Compensators in Radial Distribution Networks Using Artificial Intelligence Techniques(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2023) Jafrouni, H.; Almaktar, M.; Mohamed, F.A.; Elbreki, A.M.; Rajab, Z.Energy conservation and efficiency are necessary actions in electrical power system. Therefore, the wasted energy that is dissipated in the transmission network needs to be minimized. The power loss can be reduced by using many techniques, including the use of reactive compensators. In this paper, intelligent algorithms are examined to find the best site and size of reactive compensators so as to improve the performance, power quality and economics of radial electrical networks. A Matlab program has been developed to find the status of a radial distribution network in terms of power flow, losses, and bus voltages. Two artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms namely genetic algorithm (GA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) have been developed to cater for the optimal position and amount of reactive power compensation. The programmed approaches were tested in reference network of IEEE 15-bus system and then implemented on the Syrian network, specifically Al-Mayadeen distribution network comprising 64-bus. Transient Electrolyzer Program (ETAP) was used to simulate the different power systems. The study showed that the GA is superior and outperforms PSO in reducing total power loss hence the cost and also improving voltage profile. Overall, the two examined techniques can be used in any radial electrical network. © 2023 IEEE.Öğe Performance evaluation of different solar photovoltaic technologies in Libya(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2020) Almaktar, M.; Albreki, A.M.; Mohamed, F.A.; Yahya, K.; Hussein, T.Although Libya has a massive potential of renewable energy (RE) resources particularly solar energy, the country suffers from a shortage of electrical energy and experiences frequent blackouts. The dominant preventive action taken by the grid operator is to shed loads. The main two reasons for the limited RE projects are the highly subsidized electricity tariff and the absence of clear energy legislation. As a solution for the electrical energy deficit, this paper proposes the grid-connected photovoltaic (GCPV) power systems to be installed as distributed generations. The case study is based on a 1 MWp GCPV system designed for Benina International Airport (BIA) in Benghazi. Besides satisfying the electrical demand of the airport, the system can also export its energy directly to the electrical grid where the residential and commercial loads. The analysis was carried out by using PVSyst software. Four PV technologies were simulated for the installation for the sake of performance comparison under Benghazi's weather condition. It was concluded that cadmium telluride (CdTe) outperforms other technologies with 4.79 kWh/kWp/day of produced energy and a performance ratio (PR) of 78.11%. The project can be a successful showcase clean energy producer and a business model which can encourage the individuals and the governmental utilities to implement the solar PV technology for both electricity demand satisfaction as well as a profitable investment. © 2020 IEEE.Öğe Power Management in Solar PV System with Battery Protection by using MATLAB Simulink(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2023) Mohamed, F.A.; Almohammedi, A.A.; Shepelev, V.It is a clearly known fact that solar energy as a renewable form of energy is the cleanest energy in the world and its utilization has a widespread applications and various industries as well as residential in many places. A major challenge to the usage of solar energy is the unavailability of sunlight in the night and/low irradiation during some hours of the day or during some season such as in the winter. In order to overcome this challenge, there is the need to store excess solar energy generated during the day and make use of it when needed. This solar energy can thus be stored in a storage unit called battery. There is need for battery protection and control or to protect the battery from harm, effective protection scheme is required for the PV-battery-load system. This work presents a PV-Battery Storage-Load system design with control system for protection of the system and also discuss the model and determines the PV system rated power through simulation using MATLAB software. © 2023 IEEE.Öğe Power Quality Assessment of Karabuk University'S Grid-Connected Microgrid under High Penetration of PV Generation(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2022) Almaktar, M.; Falah, A.; Hasan, Z.; Elbreki, A.M.; Mohamed, F.A.As the cost of photovoltaic (PV) systems has sharply fallen over the recent years, they have been enormously installed, whether in open racks, rooftop or even floating on water. Today, the integration of PV systems into the power system is mostly seen on the low voltage distribution network. This adoption is envisaged to bring both technical and environmental benefits to the traditional distribution network such as reliability, minimization of line loss, line capacity improvement, and investment deferement associated with network upgrade. However, extensive integration may also bring some detrimental impacts such as voltage rise, reverse power flow, harmonics, etc. Therefore, the limit of penetration needs to be determined so as all the desired benefits are acquired. Lately, Karabuk University has begun installing PV generators on some of its buildings, aiming ultimately for autonomus supply; yet, the effect of increasing the capacity of such systems is not yet investigated. In this paper, Electrical Transient and Analysis Program (ETAP) software is used to simulate and analyze the low voltage distribution grid of Karabuk University under multiple PV penetration levels. It is concluded that, considering different power quality metrics, the penetration level of PV as distributed generations should not exceed 75% of the maximum demand of Karabuk University. © 2022 IEEE.
