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    Blood and Stool Arsenic Levels Are Decisive for Diagnosing Children's Functional Gastrointestinal Disease (FGD)
    (Springernature, 2022) Bilici, Namik; Dogan, Erkan; Sevinc, Eylem; Sevinc, Nergiz; Akinci, Gulsema; Musmul, Ahmet; Cengiz, Mustafa
    Pediatric gastroenteritis is a potentially fatal disease that accounts for 10% of childhood deaths. The main risk is environmental factors and nutrition. Arsenic (As) is commonly found in the earth's crust. As is an essential element that can form many organic compounds. In children, it causes diarrhea, gums, tongue lesions, diabetes, conjunctivitis, ocular opacity, and impaired immune response. It also causes low growth, mental retardation, and neurological problems. It is also known as the cause of many cancers that originate at an early age. Regionally, there is an iron and steel industry for almost a century. According to the Rome IV criteria, the blood and stools of 50 children aged 6-18 years, male and female, living in our province with functional gastrointestinal disease (FGD), were screened for As, and compared with the Healthy group (control) of 30 children. The results were evaluated with the Mann-Whitney Rank Sum Test. When blood and stool As values in males were compared with control samples, a high level of significance (p = 0.001) was found between both blood and stool As values in sick males and the control group (p < 0.005). In females, blood and stool As median values were also highly significant when compared with the control group (p = 0.001). According to these data, when the sick children (children with male and female gender) are compared with the healthy ones, the difference is highly significant (p < 0.005). High blood As levels in children indicate environmental pollution. It can be said that blood As levels are high as a result of food, water, and inhaler exposure. The presence of a high level of significant difference in stool means that the amount of As is high in the foods consumed daily. High levels of As are in blood and stools; It was evaluated that FGD could be the cause of nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, and colic. The increase in blood and stool As values due to environmental pollution is an important reason for FGD. For diseases of uncertain cause (such as FGD) resulting from chronic As exposure, blood and especially stool As values are more significant than urinary As levels. In conclusion, As a diagnostic criterion, it was concluded that blood and stool As values are an important marker in children with functional abdominal pain with other metals.
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    The protective effects of selenium and boron against cyclophosphamide-induced bone marrow and blood toxicity: an in vivo study
    (2022) Ayhancı, Adnan; Lafci, Nilüfer; Musmul, Ahmet; Özabacıgil Gür, Fatma; Sezer, Canan; Kulcanay Şahin, İlknur; Gür, Bahri
    Thanks to their antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, anti-lipid peroxidative, and immune-boosting properties, Boron (B) and Selenium (Se) are essential trace elements for the human body. This study aims to compare the myeloid protective potentials of Se and B in Cyclophosphamide (CP)-induced bone-marrow and haematological toxicity in experimental rats considering that the myelotoxic property of this anti-cancer drug limits its use. We hypothesized that selenium has a better protective effect than boron in preventing the toxic effects of CP on bone marrow and blood cells. 1.5 mg/kg of Se and 20 mg/kg of B, which are the most frequently used optimal doses of these trace elements, were given to the animals intraperitoneally throughout the experiment. 200 mg/kg of CP was administered only on the 4th day. The animals were sacrificed to take the blood and bone marrow samples to be stored for hematological evaluations. The CP administration significantly decreased leukocyte (WBC), thrombocyte (PLT), erythrocytes (RBC), and bone marrow nucleated cell counts. On the other hand, they increased in significant amounts in the groups given Se and B along with CP when compared to those given only CP. However, Se proved to be more protective than B in preventing CP-induced bone marrow and hematologic toxicity despite not achieving statistical significance. It was, therefore, concluded that the doses used in this experiment were successful in protecting against CP-induced damage to the bone marrow and CP-related hematological toxicity.