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    Assessing the Viability of Solar and Wind Energy Technologies in Semi-Arid and Arid Regions: A Case Study of Libya’s Climatic Conditions
    (Pleiades Publishing, 2024) Nassar, Y.F.; El-Khozondar, H.J.; Alatrash, A.A.; Ahmed, B.A.; Elzer, R.S.; Ahmed, A.A.; Imbayah, I.I.
    Abstract: Libya has a wide range of temperatures and topographies, making it a promising place to use wind and solar energy. This research evaluated many technologies available in the global market, including wind energy, concentrated solar power (CSP), and photovoltaic (PV) solar, with the goal of localizing the renewable energy business. The aim was to optimize the advantages of employing locally accessible renewable resources while guaranteeing their suitability for the diverse climatic circumstances found throughout the nation. Twelve carefully chosen locations in Libya were used to assess the performance of 67 PV solar modules, 47 inverters, five different types of CPS, and 17 wind turbines using the System Advisor Model (SAM) dynamic simulation tool. The simulations employed 15-minute time series of climate data from the SolarGis platform for a 13-year timeframe (January 1, 2007–June 30, 2020). The standard used to determine which technology was best suited for each site was the Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE). The findings showed that solar and wind energy (PV and CSP) could significantly meet the examined areas’ demand for electrical energy. In contrast to wind energy, which had an LCOE ranging from 1.5 to 5.9 ¢/kWh, PV solar technology had an LCOE between 5.2 and 6.4 ¢/kWh. On the other hand, systems utilizing concentrated solar energy showed comparatively higher levels of life cycle costs; the heliostat field had the lowest, at 8.0 ¢/kWh. The research findings offer significant perspectives to engineers, planners, and decision-makers, enabling well-informed choices on the advancement and funding of renewable energy initiatives in Libya. The analysis concludes that wind energy is the most economically advantageous investment choice in the Libyan energy market, in contrast to the industry’s predominate concentration on PV solar systems. Environmentally speaking, building a 1000 MW renewable power plant with a 40% capacity factor will reduce CO2 emissions by 3.82 million tons, saving $286.5 million in carbon taxes annually. © Allerton Press, Inc. 2024. ISSN 0003-701X, Applied Solar Energy, 2024, Vol. 60, No. 1, pp. 149–170. Allerton Press, Inc., 2024.
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    Ensuring sustainability in Libya with renewable energy and pumped hydro storage
    (Nicolaus Copernicus University, 2024) Elmnifi, M.; Khaleel, M.; Vambol, S.; Yeremenko, S.; Nassar, Y.F.; Dzhulai, O.
    A radical transformation is occurring in the global energy system, with solar PV and wind energy contributing to three-quarters of new electricity generation capacity due to their affordability. This shift towards renewable electrification of energy services, such as transportation, heating, and industry, will gradually replace fossil fuels in the coming decades. This paper highlights Libya's potential to achieve energy self-sufficiency in the twenty-first century. In addition to its fossil energy resources, Libya possesses favourable conditions for solar, wind, and moderate hydroelectric energy. The solar energy potential alone is approximately 100 times greater than what is needed to support a fully solar-powered system that provides energy consumption similar to developed countries for all Libyan citizens, without relying on fossil fuels. Moreover, Libya's Green Mountain range offers substantial opportunities for low-cost pumped off-river hydropower storage. Therefore, the integration of solar and wind energy, complemented by hydropower and battery storage, is likely to be the primary pathway for the rapid growth of Libya's renewable electricity sector. © 2024 Nicolaus Copernicus University. All rights reserved.
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    Optimal Sizing of Hybrid Renewable System for Residential Appliances
    (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2024) Alsharif, A.; Almabsout, E.; Ahmed, A.A.; Khaleel, M.; Nassar, Y.F.; El-Khozoadar, H.J.
    Hybrid Renewable Power Systems (HRPSs) have been extensively employed at regional, national, and different levels due to their capability of decreasing Carbon Dioxide (CO2) emissions and reducing energy consumption amount. However, the main challenge of Renewable Energy Sources (RESs) is the uncertainties of the demand and source integration that may be addressed by nature-inspired metaheuristic algorithms. The optimal operation of a Microgrid (MG) includes Photovoltaic (PV), Wind Turbine (WT), and Battery (BT), as integrated sources for the distributed generation system. This paper proposes the utilization of the Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA) in order to overcome sizing limitations. The aforesaid optimization algorithm benchmarked with the Antlion Optimization (ALO) algorithm that coupled with a supervisory control algorithm called energy management strategy to meet the objective functions. The main objectives of this study are to obtain a hybrid system with lower cost and lower reliability. The results of the system show better performance on WOA as the main findings in terms of cost (0.01/kWh) and LPSP (0.08%). The aforementioned result contributes a cost-effective system with lower loss, and providing sustainable living which means electricity is available most of the time. © 2024 IEEE.
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    Thermoelectrical Analysis of a New Hybrid PV-Thermal Flat Plate Solar Collector
    (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2023) Nassar, Y.F.; Amer, K.A.; El-Khozondar, H.J.; Ahmed, A.A.; Alsharif, A.; Khaleel, M.M.; Elnaggar, M.
    A practical design presented in this paper; a hybrid PV solar panel and flat plate solar air heating collector (HSC). When the PV solar cells are installed on the upper surface of the absorber plate at the entrance of air duct of the air heater solar collector, the system will generate both electricity and heat. Numerical model based on energy balance of a PV solar/thermal flat plate air heater solar collector (PV/T) has been developed. The analysis is aiming to identify the optimum contribution of the PV in the proposed HSC according to local transient energy behavior of the components of the HSC. The results substantiated the success of HSC technology in reducing the surface temperature of solar cells and increasing their productivity compared to a conventional PV solar panel. The optimum ratio of PV solar cell is found 25% of the total length of the HSC. Although the proposed HSC reduced the thermal efficiency of the solar collector from 42% to 39%, it increased the electrical efficiency of the PV solar cells from 11% to 14%. As a result, the overall efficiency of the proposed HSC was raised to 53%. © 2023 IEEE.